{"kind":"expression","expression":{"expr_id":"1394","doc_id":"1394","label":"Act 21 of 2011","is_as_enacted":"t","commenced_on":null,"superseded_on":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_to":null,"is_current":"t","incorporating":null,"akn_expr_iri":"\/akn\/ky\/act\/2011\/21\/eng@2011-01-01","akn_envelope":"{\"_canary\": {\"iri\": {\"work\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/2011\/21\", \"expression\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/2011\/21\/eng@2011-01-01\", \"manifestation\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/2011\/21\/eng@2011-01-01.pdf\"}, \"pdf\": {\"md5\": \"6ba0ed9998d7ba2806100bc7d4926b34\", \"path\": \"\/Users\/q\/kyleg-data\/working\/PRINCIPAL\/2011\/2011-0021\/2011-0021_Act 21 of 2011.pdf\", \"pages\": 22, \"filename\": \"2011-0021_Act 21 of 2011.pdf\"}, \"errors\": [], \"extraction\": {\"model\": null, \"stats\": {\"word_count\": 6216, \"paragraph_count\": 43, \"text_char_count\": 41124}, \"usage\": null, \"method\": \"pymupdf-text\", \"version\": \"kyleg-akn-1.0\", \"extracted_at\": \"2026-06-22\"}, \"classification\": \"text_layer\", \"validation_flags\": [], \"docai_processor_id\": null}, \"akomaNtoso\": {\"act\": {\"body\": [{\"eId\": \"sec_n1\", \"num\": null, \"text\": \"Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 PART 3 - EXCEPTIONS 18. 19. 20. PART 4 - OFFENCES RELATING TO GENDER DISCRIMINATION 21. 22. PART 5 - GENDER EQUALITY TRIBUNAL 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. PART 6 - MISCELLANEOUS 39. 40. 41. 42. Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 GENDER EQUALITY LAW, 2011 (Law 21 of 2011) A LAW TO PROVIDE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT, TRAINING AND RECRUITMENT; TO PROVIDE FOR THE PAYMENT OF EQUAL REMUNERATION TO EMPLOYEES WHO PERFORM WORK OF EQUAL VALUE; AND TO PROVIDE FOR INCIDENTAL AND CONNECTED PURPOSES ENACTED by the Legislature of the Cayman Islands. PART 1 - PRELIMINARY\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_1\", \"num\": \"1.\", \"text\": \"Short title and commencement 1. (1) This Law may be cited as the Gender Equality Law, 2011. (2) This Law shall come into force on the 31st day of January, 2012.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_2\", \"num\": \"2.\", \"text\": \"Interpretation 2. In this Law \u2014 \u201ccommission agent\u201d means an agent who is remunerated by commission; \u201ccontract of employment\u201d means any agreement, understanding or arrangement whatever, whether written or oral, express or implied, whereby it is agreed between an employee and an employer that the employee will be employed under a contract of service; Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 \u201ccontract worker\u201d means a person who performs work for another person pursuant to a contract between the employer of the first-mentioned person and that other person; \u201cdependent contractor\u201d means a person, whether or not employed under a contract of employment, who performs work or service for another person for compensation or reward on such terms and conditions that the first-mentioned person is, in relation to that other person, in a position of economic dependence on, and under an obligation to perform duties for, that other person more as an employee than an independent contractor; \u201ceducational authority\u201d means a body of persons administering an educational institution; \u201ceducational institution\u201d means a school, college, university or other institution at which education or training is provided; \u201cemployee\u201d means any individual who enters into or works under or stands ready to enter into or work under a contract of employment with an employer whether the contract be oral or written, express or implied; and the term includes a person whose services have been interrupted by a suspension of work during a period of leave or temporary lay-off; \u201cemployer\u201d means any person who has entered into or stands ready to enter into a contract of employment with an employee, and includes any agent, representative or manager of such person who is placed in authority over an employee; \u201cemployment\u201d includes \u2014 (a) part-time employment, temporary employment and employment under a contract of service or of apprenticeship; (b) employment under a contract for services; and (c) engagement as a commission agent, carried on in the Islands. \u201cemployment agency\u201d means any person who, whether for payment or not, assists persons find employment or assists employers to find employees; \u201cequal remuneration\u201d means a rate or a scale of remuneration that has been established without differentiation based on the ground of sex, marital status or pregnancy; \u201cgender\u201d means the cultural, economic, social, and political characteristics, roles and opportunities through which women and men are socially constructed and valued; \u201cgenuine occupational qualification\u201d has the meaning assigned to that expression by section 5; Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 \u201cmanagerial employee\u201d includes persons who plan, organize, control, coordinate or direct the business of an employer or a part of such business; \u201cmarital status\u201d means the status or condition of being \u2014 (a) single; (b) married; (c) married but living separately and apart from one\u2019s spouse; (d) divorced; or (e) widowed, and includes the status of a man and a woman who, although not married to each other, are living with each other in the same household as husband and wife; \u201cmember\u201d means a member of the Tribunal appointed under section 26; \u201cMinister\u201d means Minister responsible for gender affairs; \u201cremuneration\u201d means any money or other thing, whether called salary, wage, allowance or by any other name, paid or contracted to be paid, delivered or given as recompense, reward or compensation for any work or labour done or to be done, whether within a certain time or to a certain amount, or for a time or an amount uncertain; \u201cTribunal\u201d means the Gender Equality Tribunal established under section 22; and \u201cwork of equal value\u201d means work equal in value in terms of the demands it makes in relation to such matters as skill levels, duties, physical and mental effort, responsibility and conditions of work. PART 2 - PROTECTION AGAINST GENDER DISCRIMINATION\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_3\", \"num\": \"3.\", \"text\": \"Prohibited grounds of discrimination 3. (1) For the purposes of this Law, a person discriminates against another person on grounds specified in subsection (2) if the first-mentioned person makes, on any of the grounds specified in subsection (2), any distinction, exclusion or preference the intent or effect of which is to nullify or impair equality of opportunity or treatment in any employment or occupation. (2) The grounds referred to in subsection (1) are \u2014 (a) sex, marital status or pregnancy; or (b) any characteristic based on gender which appertains generally or is generally imputed to persons of a particular sex or marital status or pregnant state. Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 (3) Any act, practice or policy that directly or indirectly results in discrimination against a person on any ground specified in subsection (2), is an act of discrimination regardless of whether the person responsible for the act, practice or policy intended to discriminate.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_4\", \"num\": \"4.\", \"text\": \"Prohibition on discrimination in employment 4. (1) A person who is an employer, shall not in relation to the recruitment, selection or employment of any other person, discriminate against that other person on any ground specified in section 3(2) \u2014 (a) in an advertisement of a job; (b) in an interview or other arrangements made for the purpose of determining who should be offered employment; (c) in determining who should be offered employment; (d) in the terms or conditions on which employment is offered; or (e) in the creation, classification or abolition of jobs. (2) An employer shall not discriminate against an employee on any ground specified in section 3(2) \u2014 (a) in the terms or conditions of employment afforded to the employee by the employer; (b) in conditions of work or occupational safety and health measures; (c) in the provision of facilities related to or connected with employment; (d) by denying access, or limiting access to opportunities for advancement, promotion, transfer or training, or to any other benefits, facilities or services associated with employment; (e) by retrenching or dismissing the employee; or (f) by subjecting the employee to any other disadvantage. (3) Subsection (1) does not apply to employment for the purposes of a private household.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_5\", \"num\": \"5.\", \"text\": \"Exception for genuine occupational qualification 5. (1) Nothing in section 4 shall apply to any distinction, exclusion or preference based on any ground specified in section 3(2) where a genuine occupational qualification exists. (2) For the purposes of this Law a genuine occupational qualification for a job exists where \u2014 (a) the essential nature of the job calls for a man or woman for reasons of physique (excluding physical strength or stamina) or, in dramatic performances or other entertainment, for reasons of authenticity, so that Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 the essential nature of the job would be materially different if carried out by a person of the opposite sex; (b) the job needs to be held by a person of a particular sex to preserve decency or privacy because \u2014 (i) it is likely to involve physical contact with persons of the same sex in circumstances where those persons might reasonably object to its being carried out by persons of the opposite sex; or (ii) the holder of the job is likely to do work in circumstances where persons of the same sex might reasonably object to the presence of a person of the opposite sex because they are in a state of undress or use the same sanitary facilities; (c) in the case of an establishment where less than twenty-five persons are employed, the nature or location of the establishment makes it impracticable for the holder of the job to live elsewhere than in premises provided by the employer and \u2014 (i) the only premises which are available for persons holding that kind of job are occupied or normally occupied, by persons of the same sex and are not equipped with separate sleeping accommodation and sanitary facilities for persons of the opposite sex; and (ii) it is not reasonable to expect the employer either to equip those premises with such accommodation and facilities or to provide other premises for persons of the opposite sex; (d) the job requires a married couple; or (e) the nature of the establishment, or the part of it where the work is carried out, requires the job to be held by a person of a particular sex because \u2014 (i) it is, or is part of, a hospital, prison, or other establishment for persons requiring special care, supervision or attention; (ii) those persons are all of the same sex (disregarding any person of the opposite sex whose presence is exceptional); and (iii) it is reasonable, having regard to the essential character of the establishment or that part, that the job should not be held by a person of the opposite sex.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_6\", \"num\": \"6.\", \"text\": \"Special measures to promote equality 6. Special measures may be prescribed by Order made by the Governor in Cabinet to promote equality of opportunity in employment based on the grounds set out in section 3(2), and such special measures shall be deemed not to be discrimination within the meaning of section 4. (2) An Order pursuant to subsection (1) shall specify the period during which the special measures shall be effective. Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_7\", \"num\": \"7.\", \"text\": \"Sexual harassment 7. (1) Any act of sexual harassment constitutes discrimination based on sex within the meaning of section 3. (2) A person shall not commit sexual harassment against any other person. (3) In deciding whether conduct has the effect referred in subsection (4) the following must be taken into account \u2014 (a) the perception of the person against whom the sexual harassment is alleged to have been committed; (b) the other circumstances of the case; and (c) whether it is reasonable for the conduct to have that effect. (4) In this section \u2014 \u201csexual harassment\u201d means unwanted conduct of a sexual nature against an employee by an employer or another employee \u2014 (a) in the workplace; or (b) in connection with the performance of, or recruitment for work, which is threatened or imposed as a condition of employment on the employee or which creates a hostile working environment for the employee, being conduct which has the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the employee or intimidating, degrading, humiliating or offending the employee.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_8\", \"num\": \"8.\", \"text\": \"Equal remuneration 8. (1) An employer shall not pay unequal remuneration to men and women performing work of equal value for such employer. (2) The burden of proof to establish that equal remuneration has been paid rests on the employer.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_9\", \"num\": \"9.\", \"text\": \"Professional partnership 9. (1) Where employment in a particular profession is provided primarily through a partnership firm, any such firm of professionals, or any persons proposing to form themselves into such a partnership firm, shall not, discriminate against any person on any ground specified in section 3(2) \u2014 (a) in the arrangements they make for the purpose of determining who should be offered a position as a partner in the firm; (b) by refusing or deliberately omitting to offer that position to that person; (c) in the terms on which they offer that position to that person; or (d) in a case where that person already holds that position \u2014 (i) by denying or limiting access to any benefit arising from membership of the firm; or Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 (ii) by expelling that person from the firm or subjecting that person to any other detriment. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the treatment afforded to the partner or potential partner is based on a genuine occupational qualification.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_10\", \"num\": \"10.\", \"text\": \"Qualifying bodies 10. (1) An authority or body shall not, if the authority or body is empowered to confer, renew, extend, revoke or withdraw an authorization or qualification that is needed for or facilitates the practice of a profession, the carrying on of a trade or the engaging in an occupation, discriminate against a person on any ground specified in section 3(2) \u2014 (a) by refusing or failing to confer, renew or extend the authorization or qualification; (b) in the terms or conditions on which it is prepared to confer the authorization or qualification or to renew or extend it; or (c) by revoking or withdrawing the authorization or qualification or varying the terms or conditions upon which it is held. (2) In this section \u2014 \u201cauthorization or qualification\u201d includes recognition, registration, enrolment, approval and certification.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_11\", \"num\": \"11.\", \"text\": \"Vocational training bodies 11. A person or educational authority recognised as providing facilities for training for employment shall not discriminate on any ground specified in section 3(2) against another person who is seeking or undergoing technical or vocational training which would help to fit that other person for any kind of employment or occupation \u2014 (a) in the arrangements made for the purpose of determining who should be offered training; (b) in the terms and conditions on which that other person is afforded access to training courses or other facilities and services, including vocational counselling and guidance; (c) by refusing or deliberately omitting to afford access to training courses or other facilities and services, including vocational counselling and guidance; or (d) by terminating any training which has already started.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_12\", \"num\": \"12.\", \"text\": \"Employment agencies 12. (1) An employment agency shall not discriminate against a person on any ground specified in section 3(2) \u2014 (a) by refusing to provide that person with any of its services; Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 (b) in the terms on which it offers to provide that person with any of its services; (c) in the manner in which it provides that person with any of its services; or (d) in any other manner in which it facilitates the hire or employment of that person. (2) This section shall not apply if the discrimination concerns employment which the employer could lawfully refuse to offer that person. (3) An employment agency is not liable under this section if it proves \u2014 (a) that it acted in reliance on a statement made to it by an employer to the effect that by reason of the operation of subsection (2), its action would not be unlawful; and (b) that it was reasonable for it to rely on the statement. (4) Any person who knowingly, or recklessly, makes a statement referred to in subsection (3) which is false or misleading in a material particular commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of five thousand dollars.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_13\", \"num\": \"13.\", \"text\": \"Goods, services and facilities 13. A person who, whether for payment or not, provides goods and services or makes facilities available, shall not discriminate against another person on any ground specified in section 3(2) \u2014 (a) by refusing to provide that person with those goods or services or to make those facilities available; or (b) in the manner in which or in the terms and conditions on which those goods or services are provided or those facilities are made available to that person.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_14\", \"num\": \"14.\", \"text\": \"Imposition of requirement or conditions 14. Where a requirement or condition which is not apparently in contravention of any provision of this Law, has the effect of giving preference to a person where such preference would be discrimination on any ground specified in section 3(2), a person shall not impose that requirement or condition, except where the imposition is reasonable and the imposition is not made with a view to avoiding compliance with this Law.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_15\", \"num\": \"15.\", \"text\": \"Advertisements 15. A person shall not discriminate against another person on any ground specified in section 3(2) by causing to be published or displayed, any advertisement or notice. Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_16\", \"num\": \"16.\", \"text\": \"Application forms, etc. 16. Where by virtue of any provision of this Part, a person is prohibited from discriminating against another person on any ground specified in section 3(2), the first-mentioned person discriminates against the other person if he requests or requires that other person to provide information (whether by way of completing a form or in the course of an interview or otherwise) that would not, in the same or substantially similar circumstances be required or requested of a person of the opposite sex or of a different marital status or pregnant state.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_17\", \"num\": \"17.\", \"text\": \"Liability of employers 17. (1) Any act done by an employee in the course of his employment shall be treated as done by his employer whether or not it was done with the employer\u2019s knowledge or approval. (2) In proceedings under this Law against an employer in respect of an act alleged to have been done by an employee in the course of the employee\u2019s employment, it is a defence for the employer to show that the employer took all reasonable steps to prevent the employee \u2014 (a) from doing the act; or (b) from doing any act of that description. (3) This section shall not apply to an offence under this Law. PART 3 - EXCEPTIONS\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_18\", \"num\": \"18.\", \"text\": \"Charities 18. (1) Nothing in Part 2 affects \u2014 (a) a provision of a deed, will or other document, whether made before or after the date of commencement of this Law, that confers charitable benefits or enables charitable benefits to be conferred on persons on the basis of any ground specified in section 3(2); or (b) an act that is done in order to give effect to such a provision. (2) In this section \u2014 \u201ccharitable benefits\u201d means benefits for purposes that are exclusively charitable according to law.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_19\", \"num\": \"19.\", \"text\": \"Religious bodies 19. Nothing in Part 2 affects \u2014 (a) the ordination of priests, ministers of religion or members of a religious order; Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 (b) the training or education of persons seeking ordination or appointment as priests, ministers of religion or members of a religious order; (c) the selection or appointment of persons to perform duties or functions for the purposes of, or in connection with, or otherwise to participate in any religious observance or practice; or (d) any other act or practice of a body established for religious purposes, being an act or practice that conforms to the doctrines, tenets or beliefs of a religion or is necessary to avoid injury to the religious susceptibilities of adherents to that religion.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_20\", \"num\": \"20.\", \"text\": \"Provisions in other Laws 20. Nothing in this Law affects a provision of any other Law under which discrimination on grounds referred to in section 3(2) is permitted. PART 4 - OFFENCES RELATING TO GENDER DISCRIMINATION\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_21\", \"num\": \"21.\", \"text\": \"Pressure to discriminate 21. (1) A person shall not induce or attempt to induce another person to do any act which contravenes Part 2 by \u2014 (a) providing or offering to provide that other person with any benefit; or (b) subjecting or threatening to subject that other person to any detriment. (2) An offer or threat is not prevented from falling within subsection (1), because it is not made directly to the person in question, if it is made in such a way that the person is likely to hear it or hear of it. (3) A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of five thousand dollars.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_22\", \"num\": \"22.\", \"text\": \"Victimization 22. (1) A person shall not subject or threaten to subject another person to any detriment \u2014 (a) on the ground that the second mentioned-person \u2014 (i) has made, or proposes to make, a complaint under this Law; (ii) has furnished or proposes to furnish, any information, or has produced, or proposes to produce, any document to a person exercising or performing any power or function under this Law; (iii) proposes to provide evidence or testimony as a witness; or (iv) has made a good faith allegation that a person has committed an act of discrimination in contravention of this Law; or Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 (b) on the ground that the first-mentioned person believes that the secondmentioned person has done, or proposes to do, an act or thing referred to in paragraph (a)(i) to (iv). (2) A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of five thousand dollars. PART 5 - GENDER EQUALITY TRIBUNAL\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_23\", \"num\": \"23.\", \"text\": \"Establishment of Tribunal 23. There is established the Gender Equality Tribunal for the purpose of hearing complaints under this Law.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_24\", \"num\": \"24.\", \"text\": \"Functions of Tribunal 24. The Tribunal shall hear and determine discrimination complaints submitted to the Tribunal under this Law.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_25\", \"num\": \"25.\", \"text\": \"Independence of Tribunal 25. In the exercise of its functions under section 24, the Tribunal shall not be subject to the direction or control of any other person.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_26\", \"num\": \"26.\", \"text\": \"Composition of Tribunal 26. (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) and to section 27, the Tribunal shall comprise of five members, who shall be appointed by the Governor in Cabinet on such terms and conditions as the Governor in Cabinet may specify in the members\u2019 instruments of appointment. (2) The members of the Tribunal shall be \u2014 (a) an attorney-at-law who shall be the Chairperson; and (b) four other persons each of whom has experience and qualifications in any of the following or related fields \u2014 (i) gender; (ii) social development; (iii) human rights; or (iv) labour. (3) A person shall be disqualified from being a member and is not eligible to be appointed as a member, or having been appointed, is not eligible to continue as a member if that person \u2014 (a) has filed for bankruptcy in a court or is declared by a court to be a bankrupt; Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 (b) is declared by a court to be physically or mentally incapacitated by reason of unsoundness of mind; (c) has been convicted of a criminal offence except where the offence is a minor traffic offence; or (d) is a Member of the Legislative Assembly. (4) A decision of the Tribunal shall be by simple majority of the members present at a properly constituted hearing or meeting of the Tribunal. (5) Where a vacancy exists in the membership of the Tribunal, the Governor in Cabinet shall, in accordance with this section, appoint a person to fill the vacancy. (6) The Governor in Cabinet shall by notice published in the Gazette give notice of the names of the members of the Tribunal as first constituted and thereafter of every change in the constitution of the Tribunal. (7) A person appointed as a member shall act in the public interest to carry out the purposes of this Law and not based on his personal or business interest. (8) For the purposes of subsection (4), a hearing or meeting of the Tribunal shall be properly constituted if there is a quorum of at least three members of the Tribunal are present and participating in the meeting or hearing.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_27\", \"num\": \"27.\", \"text\": \"Tenure of members 27. The appointment of a member shall be at the pleasure of the Governor in Cabinet.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_28\", \"num\": \"28.\", \"text\": \"Declaration of interest 28. (1) A member who is in any way, either directly or indirectly, interested in a matter before the Tribunal shall declare the nature of his interest to the Tribunal at the first instance where it is practicable to do so. (2) Where a member declares an interest under subsection (1), the Tribunal shall determine whether or not the member\u2019s interest in the matter, is material and where the Tribunal determines the member\u2019s interest is material, the member shall not sit to hear that particular matter.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_29\", \"num\": \"29.\", \"text\": \"Resignation 29. (1) A member, other than the Chairperson, may resign his office at any time by giving thirty days\u2019 notice in writing addressed to the Governor in Cabinet through the Chairperson. (2) The Chairperson may, at any time by giving thirty days\u2019 notice in writing addressed to the Governor in Cabinet, resign from his office. Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_30\", \"num\": \"30.\", \"text\": \"Revocation 30. The Governor in Cabinet shall at any time, in writing, revoke the appointment of a member if, upon evidence, the Governor in Cabinet is satisfied \u2014 (a) that the member is disqualified from being a member under section 26(3); (b) that the member is unable to perform the functions of his office; (c) that the member is guilty of misconduct; (d) that the member has been disqualified or suspended on grounds of misconduct, by a competent authority, from practising a profession; (e) that the member is disqualified on grounds of national security; or (f) that there is any other sufficient cause.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_31\", \"num\": \"31.\", \"text\": \"Vacancy 31. (1) The office of a member is vacated \u2014 (a) upon the death of the member; (b) if the member becomes disqualified under section 26(3); (c) if the member resigns under section 29; (d) if the Governor in Cabinet revokes the appointment of that member under section 30; or (e) if the member\u2019s appointment is not renewed by the Governor in Cabinet as of the date of expiry of the member\u2019s term of appointment. (2) A decision of the Tribunal taken at a hearing is not invalidated merely because there is a vacancy in membership.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_32\", \"num\": \"32.\", \"text\": \"Remuneration and expenses 32. (1) A member shall be paid such remuneration and allowances as may be determined by the Governor in Cabinet. (2) The expenses of the Tribunal shall be paid out of the general revenue of the Islands.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_33\", \"num\": \"33.\", \"text\": \"Complaint 33. (1) A person who has reasonable grounds for believing that another person is engaging or has engaged in discrimination contrary to this Law may, in the form approved by the Tribunal, file a complaint with the Tribunal. (2) On receiving a complaint under subsection (1), the Tribunal shall \u2014 (a) record the complaint and furnish to the complainant and the person against whom the claim is made a copy of that record signed by the person receiving the complaint; and Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 (b) furnish to the complainant and the person against whom the claim is made a prescribed statement setting out the procedures that will be followed respecting the complaint and the rights of the complainant. (3) A complaint shall be made within six months from the date on which the alleged acts, the basis of the complaint, were done except that, where a complaint is made after that time, the Tribunal may if the reasons for the delay are reasonable, accept that complaint. (4) The Tribunal may, adopt such procedures it considers appropriate in the circumstances to determine a particular complaint.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_34\", \"num\": \"34.\", \"text\": \"Hearing of complaint 34. (1) Where a complaint is made by a person other than the individual who is alleged to be the victim of the discrimination on grounds specified in section 3(2) to which the complaint relates, the Tribunal shall refuse to deal with the complaint unless the alleged victim consents thereto. (2) Where in accordance with subsection (1) the Tribunal decides not to hear and determine a complaint, the Tribunal shall give a written notice of its decision to the complainant setting out the reason for its decision. (3) Where the Tribunal decides to hear and determine a complaint, the Tribunal shall give a written notice of the complaint and the date, time and place of the hearing to the parties to the complaint and section 35 shall apply. (4) For the purpose of discharging the functions of the Tribunal under this Law, the Tribunal shall, as is reasonably required, have the power to \u2014 (a) compel the production of documents or any other matter or thing from any person the Tribunal has reasonable grounds to believe is committing discrimination on any ground specified in section 3(2) or is breaching any other provision of this Law; (b) issue summonses to compel the attendance of witnesses at the hearing; and (c) examine witnesses on oath, affirmation or otherwise at the hearing. (5) A summons issued by the Tribunal under this section shall be under the hand of the Chairperson. (6) A person who \u2014 (a) fails without reasonable excuse to comply with a requirement or a summons under subsection (4); (b) destroys or alters, or causes to be destroyed or altered, any document, or other matter or thing required to be produced under subsection (4); or (c) hinders, obstructs, prevents or interferes with the Tribunal in the exercise of a power under this section, Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of five thousand dollars. (7) A party to a matter before the Tribunal under this section shall be entitled to appear at the hearing and may be represented by an attorney-at-law or any other person who in the opinion of the Tribunal is competent to assist the person in the presentation of the matter.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_35\", \"num\": \"35.\", \"text\": \"Findings of Tribunal 35. (1) Where after a hearing under section 34, the Tribunal finds that \u2014 (a) the complainant\u2019s allegations or its suspicions are substantiated, the Tribunal \u2014 (i) shall notify the complainant and the person against whom the complaint was made in writing of its findings; (ii) shall issue directions requiring the person against whom the complaint was made to stop the discrimination and take remedial action within a specific time period or requiring the person to pay compensation (which is limited to an amount not exceeding twenty thousand dollars) to any person aggrieved by the discrimination within a specific time period; and (iii) may make an award for costs; (b) the complaint is frivolous or vexatious or that its suspicions are incorrect, the Tribunal shall, in writing, notify the complainant and the person against whom the complaint was made and order the complainant to pay the cost incurred by the Tribunal and the person against whom the complaint was made. (2) A direction under subsection (1) may include an order directing an employer to redress the contravention including an order, if the employer and aggrieved person agree, to reinstate such aggrieved person. (3) A person who fails to comply with a direction of the Tribunal given pursuant to subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of five thousand dollars.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_36\", \"num\": \"36.\", \"text\": \"Agreement 36. Notwithstanding section 35, where, at any stage after the filing of a complaint and before the commencement of a hearing by the Tribunal, an agreement is made by the parties, the parties shall notify the Tribunal, in writing, of the terms of the agreement. Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_37\", \"num\": \"37.\", \"text\": \"Confidentiality 37. (1) Subject to subsection (4), a person who is, or has at any time been a member shall not, either directly or indirectly \u2014 (a) divulge or communicate to any person, any information relating to the affairs of another person acquired by the member because of his office for the purposes of this Law; (b) make use of any such information as is mentioned in paragraph (a); or (c) produce to any person a document relating to the affairs of another person given for the purposes of this Law. (2) A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of five thousand dollars. (3) A person who is, or has at any time been a member, shall not be required \u2014 (a) to divulge or communicate to a court any information relating to the affairs of another person acquired by the member because of his office for the purposes of this Law; or (b) to produce in a court a document relating to the affairs of another person of which the member has custody, or to which he has access, because of his office for the purposes of this Law, except where it is necessary to do so for the purposes of this Law. (4) This section shall not prohibit a person from \u2014 (a) making a record of information for the purposes of exercising a function under this Law or any other law in force in the Islands; or (b) divulging or communicating information, or producing a document that is required or permitted by a Law to be divulged, communicated or produced as the case may be, if the information is divulged or communicated, or the document is produced, for the purposes of or under that Law. (5) A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to a matter in subsection (4). (6) Subsection (3) shall not prevent a person from being required, for the purposes of or under a Law, to divulge or communicate information, or to produce a document, that is required or permitted by that Law to be divulged, communicated or produced. (7) In this section \u2014 \u201ccourt\u201d includes any tribunal, authority or person having power to require the production of documents or the answering of questions; and \u201cproduce\u201d includes permit access to. Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_38\", \"num\": \"38.\", \"text\": \"Protection from liability 38. (1) A member shall not be liable in damages for anything done or omitted in the discharge or purported discharge of his functions, responsibilities, powers and duties under this Law unless it is shown that the act or omission was in bad faith. (2) The Government shall indemnify a member against all claims, damages, costs charges or expenses incurred by that member in the discharge or purported discharge of his functions, responsibilities, powers and duties under this Law, except claims, damages, costs, charges or expenses caused by the bad faith of that member. PART 6 - MISCELLANEOUS\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_39\", \"num\": \"39.\", \"text\": \"Proof of exceptions 39. Where by any provision of this Law, conduct is excepted from being conduct that is unlawful under this Law or that is a contravention of this Law, the onus of proving the exception lies upon the person claiming the exception.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_40\", \"num\": \"40.\", \"text\": \"Appeal 40. A person aggrieved by the decision of the Tribunal may within twenty-eight days of the decision appeal to the Grand Court against that decision.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_41\", \"num\": \"41.\", \"text\": \"Regulations 41. The Governor in Cabinet may make such Regulations as are required for the effective implementation of this Law and generally for carrying this Law into effect.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_42\", \"num\": \"42.\", \"text\": \"Law binding on Crown 42. This Law binds the Crown. Gender Equality Law, 2011 Law 21 of 2011 Passed by the Legislative Assembly the 14th day of September, 2011. Mary J. Lawrence Speaker. Zena Merren-Chin Clerk of the Legislative Assembly.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}], \"meta\": {\"notes\": null, \"workflow\": null, \"lifecycle\": {\"source\": \"#cilegis\", \"eventRef\": [{\"eId\": \"e_commence_2011_01_01\", \"date\": \"2011-01-01\", \"type\": \"generation\", \"source\": \"#cilegis\"}]}, \"references\": {\"source\": \"#canary\", \"TLCRole\": [], \"TLCEvent\": [{\"eId\": \"ev_commencement\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/event\/commencement\", \"showAs\": \"commencement\"}], \"TLCPerson\": [], \"TLCConcept\": [{\"eId\": \"inForce\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/concept\/temporal\/in-force\", \"showAs\": \"in force\"}], \"TLCProcess\": [], \"TLCLocation\": [], \"TLCOrganization\": [{\"eId\": \"cilegis\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/organization\/editor\/cilegis\", \"showAs\": \"Cayman Islands legislation mirror (kyleg)\"}]}, \"temporalData\": {\"source\": \"#cilegis\", \"temporalGroup\": [{\"eId\": \"tg_inforce_2011_01_01\", \"timeInterval\": [{\"end\": null, \"start\": \"#e_commence_2011_01_01\", \"duration\": null, \"refersTo\": \"#inForce\"}]}]}, \"classification\": null, \"identification\": {\"source\": \"#cilegis\", \"FRBRWork\": {\"FRBRuri\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/2011\/21\", \"FRBRdate\": [{\"date\": \"2011-01-01\", \"name\": \"generation\"}], \"FRBRthis\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/2011\/21\/!main\", \"FRBRalias\": [{\"name\": \"cmsId\", \"value\": \"2011-0021\"}], \"FRBRauthor\": [{\"as\": \"#editor\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/organization\/editor\/cilegis\"}], \"FRBRnumber\": \"21 of 2011\", \"FRBRcountry\": \"ky\", \"FRBRsubtype\": \"principal\"}, \"FRBRExpression\": {\"FRBRuri\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/2011\/21\/eng@2011-01-01\", \"FRBRdate\": [{\"date\": \"2011-01-01\", \"name\": \"generation\"}], \"FRBRthis\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/2011\/21\/eng@2011-01-01\/!main\", \"FRBRauthor\": [{\"as\": \"#editor\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/organization\/editor\/cilegis\"}], \"FRBRlanguage\": \"eng\"}, \"FRBRManifestation\": {\"FRBRuri\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/2011\/21\/eng@2011-01-01.xml\", \"FRBRdate\": [{\"date\": \"2026-06-22\", \"name\": \"generation\"}], \"FRBRthis\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/2011\/21\/eng@2011-01-01.xml\", \"FRBRauthor\": [{\"as\": \"#editor\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/organization\/editor\/cilegis\"}], \"FRBRformat\": \"application\/xml\"}}}, \"name\": \"act\", \"header\": {\"title\": \"Public Holidays (No. 2) Order, 2011\", \"actNumber\": \"21 of 2011\", \"longTitle\": null}}, \"doc\": null, \"bill\": null, \"judgment\": null}}","akn_full_text":"CAYMAN ISLANDS\n\nGENDER EQUALITY LAW, 2011\n\n(Law 21 of 2011)\nSupplement No. 2 published with Gazette No. 22 dated 24 October, 2011.\n\nPage 2\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\nPUBLISHING DETAILS\nCommenced: 31st day of January, 2012\n\nGender Equality Law, 2011\nArrangement of Sections\n\nc\nLaw 21 of 2011\nPage 3\n\nCAYMAN ISLANDS\n\nGENDER EQUALITY LAW, 2011\n(Law 21 of 2011)\nArrangement of Sections\nSection\nPage\nPART 1 - PRELIMINARY\n1.\nShort title and commencement ..................................................................................................5\n2.\nInterpretation .............................................................................................................................5\nPART 2 - PROTECTION AGAINST GENDER\nDISCRIMINATION\n3.\nProhibited grounds of discrimination ..........................................................................................7\n4.\nProhibition on discrimination in employment ..............................................................................8\n5.\nException for genuine occupational qualification ........................................................................8\n6.\nSpecial measures to promote equality .......................................................................................9\n7.\nSexual harassment .................................................................................................................. 10\n8.\nEqual remuneration ................................................................................................................. 10\n9.\nProfessional partnership .......................................................................................................... 10\n10.\nQualifying bodies ..................................................................................................................... 11\n11.\nVocational training bodies ........................................................................................................ 11\n12.\nEmployment agencies ............................................................................................................. 11\n13.\nGoods, services and facilities ................................................................................................... 12\n14.\nImposition of requirement or conditions.................................................................................... 12\n15.\nAdvertisements ........................................................................................................................ 12\n16.\nApplication forms, etc. ............................................................................................................. 13\n17.\nLiability of employers ............................................................................................................... 13\n\nArrangement of Sections\nGender Equality Law, 2011\n\nPage 4\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\nPART 3 - EXCEPTIONS\n18.\nCharities .................................................................................................................................. 13\n19.\nReligious bodies ...................................................................................................................... 13\n20.\nProvisions in other Laws .......................................................................................................... 14\nPART 4 - OFFENCES RELATING TO GENDER\nDISCRIMINATION\n21.\nPressure to discriminate .......................................................................................................... 14\n22.\nVictimization ............................................................................................................................ 14\nPART 5 - GENDER EQUALITY TRIBUNAL\n23.\nEstablishment of Tribunal ........................................................................................................ 15\n24.\nFunctions of Tribunal ............................................................................................................... 15\n25.\nIndependence of Tribunal ........................................................................................................ 15\n26.\nComposition of Tribunal ........................................................................................................... 15\n27.\nTenure of members ................................................................................................................. 16\n28.\nDeclaration of interest .............................................................................................................. 16\n29.\nResignation ............................................................................................................................. 16\n30.\nRevocation .............................................................................................................................. 17\n31.\nVacancy .................................................................................................................................. 17\n32.\nRemuneration and expenses ................................................................................................... 17\n33.\nComplaint ................................................................................................................................ 17\n34.\nHearing of complaint ................................................................................................................ 18\n35.\nFindings of Tribunal ................................................................................................................. 19\n36.\nAgreement ............................................................................................................................... 19\n37.\nConfidentiality .......................................................................................................................... 20\n38.\nProtection from liability ............................................................................................................. 21\nPART 6 - MISCELLANEOUS\n39.\nProof of exceptions .................................................................................................................. 21\n40.\nAppeal ..................................................................................................................................... 21\n41.\nRegulations ............................................................................................................................. 21\n42.\nLaw binding on Crown ............................................................................................................. 21\n\nGender Equality Law, 2011\nSection 1\n\nc\nLaw 21 of 2011\nPage 5\n\nCAYMAN ISLANDS\n\nGENDER EQUALITY LAW, 2011\n(Law 21 of 2011)\nA LAW TO PROVIDE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN\nEMPLOYMENT, TRAINING AND RECRUITMENT; TO PROVIDE FOR THE PAYMENT\nOF EQUAL REMUNERATION TO EMPLOYEES WHO PERFORM WORK OF EQUAL\nVALUE; AND TO PROVIDE FOR INCIDENTAL AND CONNECTED PURPOSES\nENACTED by the Legislature of the Cayman Islands.\nPART 1 - PRELIMINARY\n1.\nShort title and commencement\n1.\n(1) This Law may be cited as the Gender Equality Law, 2011.\n(2) This Law shall come into force on the 31st day of January, 2012.\n2.\nInterpretation\n2.\nIn this Law \u2014\n\u201ccommission agent\u201d means an agent who is remunerated by commission;\n\u201ccontract of employment\u201d means any agreement, understanding or\narrangement whatever, whether written or oral, express or implied, whereby it\nis agreed between an employee and an employer that the employee will be\nemployed under a contract of service;\n\nSection 2\nGender Equality Law, 2011\n\nPage 6\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\n\u201ccontract worker\u201d means a person who performs work for another person\npursuant to a contract between the employer of the first-mentioned person and\nthat other person;\n\u201cdependent contractor\u201d means a person, whether or not employed under a\ncontract of employment, who performs work or service for another person for\ncompensation or reward on such terms and conditions that the first-mentioned\nperson is, in relation to that other person, in a position of economic\ndependence on, and under an obligation to perform duties for, that other\nperson more as an employee than an independent contractor;\n\u201ceducational authority\u201d means a body of persons administering an\neducational institution;\n\u201ceducational institution\u201d means a school, college, university or other\ninstitution at which education or training is provided;\n\u201cemployee\u201d means any individual who enters into or works under or stands\nready to enter into or work under a contract of employment with an employer\nwhether the contract be oral or written, express or implied; and the term\nincludes a person whose services have been interrupted by a suspension of\nwork during a period of leave or temporary lay-off;\n\u201cemployer\u201d means any person who has entered into or stands ready to enter\ninto a contract of employment with an employee, and includes any agent,\nrepresentative or manager of such person who is placed in authority over an\nemployee;\n\u201cemployment\u201d includes \u2014\n(a)\npart-time employment, temporary employment and employment under a\ncontract of service or of apprenticeship;\n(b) employment under a contract for services; and\n(c)\nengagement as a commission agent,\ncarried on in the Islands.\n\u201cemployment agency\u201d means any person who, whether for payment or not,\nassists persons find employment or assists employers to find employees;\n\u201cequal remuneration\u201d means a rate or a scale of remuneration that has been\nestablished without differentiation based on the ground of sex, marital status or\npregnancy;\n\u201cgender\u201d means the cultural, economic, social, and political characteristics,\nroles and opportunities through which women and men are socially\nconstructed and valued;\n\u201cgenuine occupational qualification\u201d has the meaning assigned to that\nexpression by section 5;\n\nGender Equality Law, 2011\nSection 3\n\nc\nLaw 21 of 2011\nPage 7\n\n\u201cmanagerial employee\u201d includes persons who plan, organize, control, coordinate or direct the business of an employer or a part of such business;\n\u201cmarital status\u201d means the status or condition of being \u2014\n(a)\nsingle;\n(b) married;\n(c)\nmarried but living separately and apart from one\u2019s spouse;\n(d) divorced; or\n(e)\nwidowed,\nand includes the status of a man and a woman who, although not married to\neach other, are living with each other in the same household as husband\nand wife;\n\u201cmember\u201d means a member of the Tribunal appointed under section 26;\n\u201cMinister\u201d means Minister responsible for gender affairs;\n\u201cremuneration\u201d means any money or other thing, whether called salary,\nwage, allowance or by any other name, paid or contracted to be paid, delivered\nor given as recompense, reward or compensation for any work or labour done\nor to be done, whether within a certain time or to a certain amount, or for a\ntime or an amount uncertain;\n\u201cTribunal\u201d means the Gender Equality Tribunal established under\nsection 22; and\n\u201cwork of equal value\u201d means work equal in value in terms of the demands it\nmakes in relation to such matters as skill levels, duties, physical and mental\neffort, responsibility and conditions of work.\nPART 2 - PROTECTION AGAINST GENDER DISCRIMINATION\n3.\nProhibited grounds of discrimination\n3.\n(1) For the purposes of this Law, a person discriminates against another person on\ngrounds specified in subsection (2) if the first-mentioned person makes, on any\nof the grounds specified in subsection (2), any distinction, exclusion or\npreference the intent or effect of which is to nullify or impair equality of\nopportunity or treatment in any employment or occupation.\n(2) The grounds referred to in subsection (1) are \u2014\n(a)\nsex, marital status or pregnancy; or\n(b) any characteristic based on gender which appertains generally or is\ngenerally imputed to persons of a particular sex or marital status or\npregnant state.\n\nSection 4\nGender Equality Law, 2011\n\nPage 8\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\n(3) Any act, practice or policy that directly or indirectly results in discrimination\nagainst a person on any ground specified in subsection (2), is an act of\ndiscrimination regardless of whether the person responsible for the act,\npractice or policy intended to discriminate.\n4.\nProhibition on discrimination in employment\n4.\n(1) A person who is an employer, shall not in relation to the recruitment, selection\nor employment of any other person, discriminate against that other person on\nany ground specified in section 3(2) \u2014\n(a)\nin an advertisement of a job;\n(b) in an interview or other arrangements made for the purpose of\ndetermining who should be offered employment;\n(c)\nin determining who should be offered employment;\n(d) in the terms or conditions on which employment is offered; or\n(e)\nin the creation, classification or abolition of jobs.\n(2) An employer shall not discriminate against an employee on any ground\nspecified in section 3(2) \u2014\n(a)\nin the terms or conditions of employment afforded to the employee by\nthe employer;\n(b) in conditions of work or occupational safety and health measures;\n(c)\nin the provision of facilities related to or connected with employment;\n(d) by denying access, or limiting access to opportunities for advancement,\npromotion, transfer or training, or to any other benefits, facilities or\nservices associated with employment;\n(e)\nby retrenching or dismissing the employee; or\n(f)\nby subjecting the employee to any other disadvantage.\n(3) Subsection (1) does not apply to employment for the purposes of a private\nhousehold.\n5.\nException for genuine occupational qualification\n5.\n(1) Nothing in section 4 shall apply to any distinction, exclusion or preference\nbased on any ground specified in section 3(2) where a genuine occupational\nqualification exists.\n(2) For the purposes of this Law a genuine occupational qualification for a job\nexists where \u2014\n(a)\nthe essential nature of the job calls for a man or woman for reasons of\nphysique (excluding physical strength or stamina) or, in dramatic\nperformances or other entertainment, for reasons of authenticity, so that\n\nGender Equality Law, 2011\nSection 6\n\nc\nLaw 21 of 2011\nPage 9\n\nthe essential nature of the job would be materially different if carried out\nby a person of the opposite sex;\n(b) the job needs to be held by a person of a particular sex to preserve\ndecency or privacy because \u2014\n(i)\nit is likely to involve physical contact with persons of the same sex\nin circumstances where those persons might reasonably object to its\nbeing carried out by persons of the opposite sex; or\n(ii) the holder of the job is likely to do work in circumstances where\npersons of the same sex might reasonably object to the presence of\na person of the opposite sex because they are in a state of undress or\nuse the same sanitary facilities;\n(c)\nin the case of an establishment where less than twenty-five persons are\nemployed, the nature or location of the establishment makes it\nimpracticable for the holder of the job to live elsewhere than in premises\nprovided by the employer and \u2014\n(i)\nthe only premises which are available for persons holding that kind\nof job are occupied or normally occupied, by persons of the same\nsex and are not equipped with separate sleeping accommodation\nand sanitary facilities for persons of the opposite sex; and\n(ii) it is not reasonable to expect the employer either to equip those\npremises with such accommodation and facilities or to provide\nother premises for persons of the opposite sex;\n(d) the job requires a married couple; or\n(e)\nthe nature of the establishment, or the part of it where the work is carried\nout, requires the job to be held by a person of a particular sex because \u2014\n(i)\nit is, or is part of, a hospital, prison, or other establishment for\npersons requiring special care, supervision or attention;\n(ii) those persons are all of the same sex (disregarding any person of the\nopposite sex whose presence is exceptional); and\n(iii) it is reasonable, having regard to the essential character of the\nestablishment or that part, that the job should not be held by a\nperson of the opposite sex.\n6.\nSpecial measures to promote equality\n6.\nSpecial measures may be prescribed by Order made by the Governor in Cabinet to\npromote equality of opportunity in employment based on the grounds set out in\nsection 3(2), and such special measures shall be deemed not to be discrimination\nwithin the meaning of section 4.\n(2) An Order pursuant to subsection (1) shall specify the period during which the\nspecial measures shall be effective.\n\nSection 7\nGender Equality Law, 2011\n\nPage 10\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\n7.\nSexual harassment\n7.\n(1) Any act of sexual harassment constitutes discrimination based on sex within\nthe meaning of section 3.\n(2) A person shall not commit sexual harassment against any other person.\n(3) In deciding whether conduct has the effect referred in subsection (4) the\nfollowing must be taken into account \u2014\n(a)\nthe perception of the person against whom the sexual harassment is\nalleged to have been committed;\n(b) the other circumstances of the case; and\n(c)\nwhether it is reasonable for the conduct to have that effect.\n(4) In this section \u2014\n\u201csexual harassment\u201d means unwanted conduct of a sexual nature against an\nemployee by an employer or another employee \u2014\n(a)\nin the workplace; or\n(b) in connection with the performance of, or recruitment for work,\nwhich is threatened or imposed as a condition of employment on the employee\nor which creates a hostile working environment for the employee, being\nconduct which has the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the\nemployee or intimidating, degrading, humiliating or offending the employee.\n8.\nEqual remuneration\n8.\n(1) An employer shall not pay unequal remuneration to men and women\nperforming work of equal value for such employer.\n(2) The burden of proof to establish that equal remuneration has been paid rests on\nthe employer.\n9.\nProfessional partnership\n9.\n(1) Where employment in a particular profession is provided primarily through a\npartnership firm, any such firm of professionals, or any persons proposing to\nform themselves into such a partnership firm, shall not, discriminate against\nany person on any ground specified in section 3(2) \u2014\n(a)\nin the arrangements they make for the purpose of determining who\nshould be offered a position as a partner in the firm;\n(b) by refusing or deliberately omitting to offer that position to that person;\n(c)\nin the terms on which they offer that position to that person; or\n(d) in a case where that person already holds that position \u2014\n(i)\nby denying or limiting access to any benefit arising from\nmembership of the firm; or\n\nGender Equality Law, 2011\nSection 10\n\nc\nLaw 21 of 2011\nPage 11\n\n(ii) by expelling that person from the firm or subjecting that person to\nany other detriment.\n(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the treatment afforded to the partner or\npotential partner is based on a genuine occupational qualification.\n10.\nQualifying bodies\n10. (1) An authority or body shall not, if the authority or body is empowered to\nconfer, renew, extend, revoke or withdraw an authorization or qualification\nthat is needed for or facilitates the practice of a profession, the carrying on of a\ntrade or the engaging in an occupation, discriminate against a person on any\nground specified in section 3(2) \u2014\n(a)\nby refusing or failing to confer, renew or extend the authorization or\nqualification;\n(b) in the terms or conditions on which it is prepared to confer the\nauthorization or qualification or to renew or extend it; or\n(c)\nby revoking or withdrawing the authorization or qualification or varying\nthe terms or conditions upon which it is held.\n(2) In this section \u2014\n\u201cauthorization or qualification\u201d includes recognition, registration, enrolment,\napproval and certification.\n11.\nVocational training bodies\n11. A person or educational authority recognised as providing facilities for training for\nemployment shall not discriminate on any ground specified in section 3(2) against\nanother person who is seeking or undergoing technical or vocational training which\nwould help to fit that other person for any kind of employment or occupation \u2014\n(a)\nin the arrangements made for the purpose of determining who should be\noffered training;\n(b) in the terms and conditions on which that other person is afforded access\nto training courses or other facilities and services, including vocational\ncounselling and guidance;\n(c)\nby refusing or deliberately omitting to afford access to training courses or\nother facilities and services, including vocational counselling and\nguidance; or\n(d) by terminating any training which has already started.\n12.\nEmployment agencies\n12. (1) An employment agency shall not discriminate against a person on any ground\nspecified in section 3(2) \u2014\n(a)\nby refusing to provide that person with any of its services;\n\nSection 13\nGender Equality Law, 2011\n\nPage 12\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\n(b) in the terms on which it offers to provide that person with any of its\nservices;\n(c)\nin the manner in which it provides that person with any of its services; or\n(d) in any other manner in which it facilitates the hire or employment of that\nperson.\n(2) This section shall not apply if the discrimination concerns employment which\nthe employer could lawfully refuse to offer that person.\n(3) An employment agency is not liable under this section if it proves \u2014\n(a)\nthat it acted in reliance on a statement made to it by an employer to the\neffect that by reason of the operation of subsection (2), its action would\nnot be unlawful; and\n(b) that it was reasonable for it to rely on the statement.\n(4) Any person who knowingly, or recklessly, makes a statement referred to in\nsubsection (3) which is false or misleading in a material particular commits an\noffence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of five thousand dollars.\n13.\nGoods, services and facilities\n13. A person who, whether for payment or not, provides goods and services or makes\nfacilities available, shall not discriminate against another person on any ground\nspecified in section 3(2) \u2014\n(a)\nby refusing to provide that person with those goods or services or to\nmake those facilities available; or\n(b) in the manner in which or in the terms and conditions on which those\ngoods or services are provided or those facilities are made available to\nthat person.\n14.\nImposition of requirement or conditions\n14. Where a requirement or condition which is not apparently in contravention of any\nprovision of this Law, has the effect of giving preference to a person where such\npreference would be discrimination on any ground specified in section 3(2), a\nperson shall not impose that requirement or condition, except where the imposition\nis reasonable and the imposition is not made with a view to avoiding compliance\nwith this Law.\n15.\nAdvertisements\n15. A person shall not discriminate against another person on any ground specified in\nsection 3(2) by causing to be published or displayed, any advertisement or notice.\n\nGender Equality Law, 2011\nSection 16\n\nc\nLaw 21 of 2011\nPage 13\n\n16.\nApplication forms, etc.\n16. Where by virtue of any provision of this Part, a person is prohibited from\ndiscriminating against another person on any ground specified in section 3(2), the\nfirst-mentioned person discriminates against the other person if he requests or\nrequires that other person to provide information (whether by way of completing a\nform or in the course of an interview or otherwise) that would not, in the same or\nsubstantially similar circumstances be required or requested of a person of the\nopposite sex or of a different marital status or pregnant state.\n17.\nLiability of employers\n17. (1) Any act done by an employee in the course of his employment shall be treated\nas done by his employer whether or not it was done with the employer\u2019s\nknowledge or approval.\n(2) In proceedings under this Law against an employer in respect of an act alleged\nto have been done by an employee in the course of the employee\u2019s\nemployment, it is a defence for the employer to show that the employer took\nall reasonable steps to prevent the employee \u2014\n(a)\nfrom doing the act; or\n(b) from doing any act of that description.\n(3) This section shall not apply to an offence under this Law.\nPART 3 - EXCEPTIONS\n18.\nCharities\n18. (1) Nothing in Part 2 affects \u2014\n(a)\na provision of a deed, will or other document, whether made before or\nafter the date of commencement of this Law, that confers charitable\nbenefits or enables charitable benefits to be conferred on persons on the\nbasis of any ground specified in section 3(2); or\n(b) an act that is done in order to give effect to such a provision.\n(2) In this section \u2014\n\u201ccharitable benefits\u201d means benefits for purposes that are exclusively\ncharitable according to law.\n19.\nReligious bodies\n19. Nothing in Part 2 affects \u2014\n(a)\nthe ordination of priests, ministers of religion or members of a religious\norder;\n\nSection 20\nGender Equality Law, 2011\n\nPage 14\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\n(b) the training or education of persons seeking ordination or appointment as\npriests, ministers of religion or members of a religious order;\n(c)\nthe selection or appointment of persons to perform duties or functions for\nthe purposes of, or in connection with, or otherwise to participate in any\nreligious observance or practice; or\n(d) any other act or practice of a body established for religious purposes,\nbeing an act or practice that conforms to the doctrines, tenets or beliefs of\na religion or is necessary to avoid injury to the religious susceptibilities\nof adherents to that religion.\n20.\nProvisions in other Laws\n20. Nothing in this Law affects a provision of any other Law under which\ndiscrimination on grounds referred to in section 3(2) is permitted.\nPART 4 - OFFENCES RELATING TO GENDER\nDISCRIMINATION\n21.\nPressure to discriminate\n21. (1) A person shall not induce or attempt to induce another person to do any act\nwhich contravenes Part 2 by \u2014\n(a)\nproviding or offering to provide that other person with any benefit; or\n(b) subjecting or threatening to subject that other person to any detriment.\n(2) An offer or threat is not prevented from falling within subsection (1), because\nit is not made directly to the person in question, if it is made in such a way that\nthe person is likely to hear it or hear of it.\n(3) A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on\nsummary conviction to a fine of five thousand dollars.\n22.\nVictimization\n22. (1) A person shall not subject or threaten to subject another person to any\ndetriment \u2014\n(a)\non the ground that the second mentioned-person \u2014\n(i)\nhas made, or proposes to make, a complaint under this Law;\n(ii) has furnished or proposes to furnish, any information, or has\nproduced, or proposes to produce, any document to a person\nexercising or performing any power or function under this Law;\n(iii) proposes to provide evidence or testimony as a witness; or\n(iv) has made a good faith allegation that a person has committed an act\nof discrimination in contravention of this Law; or\n\nGender Equality Law, 2011\nSection 23\n\nc\nLaw 21 of 2011\nPage 15\n\n(b) on the ground that the first-mentioned person believes that the secondmentioned person has done, or proposes to do, an act or thing referred to\nin paragraph (a)(i) to (iv).\n(2) A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on\nsummary conviction to a fine of five thousand dollars.\nPART 5 - GENDER EQUALITY TRIBUNAL\n23.\nEstablishment of Tribunal\n23. There is established the Gender Equality Tribunal for the purpose of hearing\ncomplaints under this Law.\n24.\nFunctions of Tribunal\n24. The Tribunal shall hear and determine discrimination complaints submitted to the\nTribunal under this Law.\n25.\nIndependence of Tribunal\n25. In the exercise of its functions under section 24, the Tribunal shall not be subject to\nthe direction or control of any other person.\n26.\nComposition of Tribunal\n26. (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) and to section 27, the Tribunal shall\ncomprise of five members, who shall be appointed by the Governor in Cabinet\non such terms and conditions as the Governor in Cabinet may specify in the\nmembers\u2019 instruments of appointment.\n(2) The members of the Tribunal shall be \u2014\n(a)\nan attorney-at-law who shall be the Chairperson; and\n(b) four other persons each of whom has experience and qualifications in any\nof the following or related fields \u2014\n(i)\ngender;\n(ii) social development;\n(iii) human rights; or\n(iv) labour.\n(3) A person shall be disqualified from being a member and is not eligible to be\nappointed as a member, or having been appointed, is not eligible to continue as\na member if that person \u2014\n(a)\nhas filed for bankruptcy in a court or is declared by a court to be a\nbankrupt;\n\nSection 27\nGender Equality Law, 2011\n\nPage 16\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\n(b) is declared by a court to be physically or mentally incapacitated by\nreason of unsoundness of mind;\n(c)\nhas been convicted of a criminal offence except where the offence is a\nminor traffic offence; or\n(d) is a Member of the Legislative Assembly.\n(4) A decision of the Tribunal shall be by simple majority of the members present\nat a properly constituted hearing or meeting of the Tribunal.\n(5) Where a vacancy exists in the membership of the Tribunal, the Governor in\nCabinet shall, in accordance with this section, appoint a person to fill the\nvacancy.\n(6) The Governor in Cabinet shall by notice published in the Gazette give notice\nof the names of the members of the Tribunal as first constituted and thereafter\nof every change in the constitution of the Tribunal.\n(7) A person appointed as a member shall act in the public interest to carry out the\npurposes of this Law and not based on his personal or business interest.\n(8) For the purposes of subsection (4), a hearing or meeting of the Tribunal shall\nbe properly constituted if there is a quorum of at least three members of the\nTribunal are present and participating in the meeting or hearing.\n27.\nTenure of members\n27. The appointment of a member shall be at the pleasure of the Governor in Cabinet.\n28.\nDeclaration of interest\n28. (1) A member who is in any way, either directly or indirectly, interested in a\nmatter before the Tribunal shall declare the nature of his interest to the\nTribunal at the first instance where it is practicable to do so.\n(2) Where a member declares an interest under subsection (1), the Tribunal shall\ndetermine whether or not the member\u2019s interest in the matter, is material and\nwhere the Tribunal determines the member\u2019s interest is material, the member\nshall not sit to hear that particular matter.\n29.\nResignation\n29. (1) A member, other than the Chairperson, may resign his office at any time by\ngiving thirty days\u2019 notice in writing addressed to the Governor in Cabinet\nthrough the Chairperson.\n(2) The Chairperson may, at any time by giving thirty days\u2019 notice in writing\naddressed to the Governor in Cabinet, resign from his office.\n\nGender Equality Law, 2011\nSection 30\n\nc\nLaw 21 of 2011\nPage 17\n\n30.\nRevocation\n30. The Governor in Cabinet shall at any time, in writing, revoke the appointment of a\nmember if, upon evidence, the Governor in Cabinet is satisfied \u2014\n(a)\nthat the member is disqualified from being a member under\nsection 26(3);\n(b) that the member is unable to perform the functions of his office;\n(c)\nthat the member is guilty of misconduct;\n(d) that the member has been disqualified or suspended on grounds of\nmisconduct, by a competent authority, from practising a profession;\n(e)\nthat the member is disqualified on grounds of national security; or\n(f)\nthat there is any other sufficient cause.\n31.\nVacancy\n31. (1) The office of a member is vacated \u2014\n(a)\nupon the death of the member;\n(b) if the member becomes disqualified under section 26(3);\n(c)\nif the member resigns under section 29;\n(d) if the Governor in Cabinet revokes the appointment of that member under\nsection 30; or\n(e)\nif the member\u2019s appointment is not renewed by the Governor in Cabinet\nas of the date of expiry of the member\u2019s term of appointment.\n(2) A decision of the Tribunal taken at a hearing is not invalidated merely because\nthere is a vacancy in membership.\n32.\nRemuneration and expenses\n32. (1) A member shall be paid such remuneration and allowances as may be\ndetermined by the Governor in Cabinet.\n(2) The expenses of the Tribunal shall be paid out of the general revenue of the\nIslands.\n33.\nComplaint\n33. (1) A person who has reasonable grounds for believing that another person is\nengaging or has engaged in discrimination contrary to this Law may, in the\nform approved by the Tribunal, file a complaint with the Tribunal.\n(2) On receiving a complaint under subsection (1), the Tribunal shall \u2014\n(a)\nrecord the complaint and furnish to the complainant and the person\nagainst whom the claim is made a copy of that record signed by the\nperson receiving the complaint; and\n\nSection 34\nGender Equality Law, 2011\n\nPage 18\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\n(b) furnish to the complainant and the person against whom the claim is\nmade a prescribed statement setting out the procedures that will be\nfollowed respecting the complaint and the rights of the complainant.\n(3) A complaint shall be made within six months from the date on which the\nalleged acts, the basis of the complaint, were done except that, where a\ncomplaint is made after that time, the Tribunal may if the reasons for the delay\nare reasonable, accept that complaint.\n(4) The Tribunal may, adopt such procedures it considers appropriate in the\ncircumstances to determine a particular complaint.\n34.\nHearing of complaint\n34. (1) Where a complaint is made by a person other than the individual who is\nalleged to be the victim of the discrimination on grounds specified in\nsection 3(2) to which the complaint relates, the Tribunal shall refuse to deal\nwith the complaint unless the alleged victim consents thereto.\n(2) Where in accordance with subsection (1) the Tribunal decides not to hear and\ndetermine a complaint, the Tribunal shall give a written notice of its decision\nto the complainant setting out the reason for its decision.\n(3) Where the Tribunal decides to hear and determine a complaint, the Tribunal\nshall give a written notice of the complaint and the date, time and place of the\nhearing to the parties to the complaint and section 35 shall apply.\n(4) For the purpose of discharging the functions of the Tribunal under this Law,\nthe Tribunal shall, as is reasonably required, have the power to \u2014\n(a)\ncompel the production of documents or any other matter or thing from\nany person the Tribunal has reasonable grounds to believe is committing\ndiscrimination on any ground specified in section 3(2) or is breaching\nany other provision of this Law;\n(b) issue summonses to compel the attendance of witnesses at the\nhearing; and\n(c)\nexamine witnesses on oath, affirmation or otherwise at the hearing.\n(5) A summons issued by the Tribunal under this section shall be under the hand\nof the Chairperson.\n(6) A person who \u2014\n(a)\nfails without reasonable excuse to comply with a requirement or a\nsummons under subsection (4);\n(b) destroys or alters, or causes to be destroyed or altered, any document, or\nother matter or thing required to be produced under subsection (4); or\n(c)\nhinders, obstructs, prevents or interferes with the Tribunal in the exercise\nof a power under this section,\n\nGender Equality Law, 2011\nSection 35\n\nc\nLaw 21 of 2011\nPage 19\n\ncommits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of five\nthousand dollars.\n(7) A party to a matter before the Tribunal under this section shall be entitled to\nappear at the hearing and may be represented by an attorney-at-law or any\nother person who in the opinion of the Tribunal is competent to assist the\nperson in the presentation of the matter.\n35.\nFindings of Tribunal\n35. (1) Where after a hearing under section 34, the Tribunal finds that \u2014\n(a)\nthe complainant\u2019s allegations or its suspicions are substantiated, the\nTribunal \u2014\n(i)\nshall notify the complainant and the person against whom the\ncomplaint was made in writing of its findings;\n(ii) shall issue directions requiring the person against whom the\ncomplaint was made to stop the discrimination and take remedial\naction within a specific time period or requiring the person to pay\ncompensation (which is limited to an amount not exceeding twenty\nthousand dollars) to any person aggrieved by the discrimination\nwithin a specific time period; and\n(iii) may make an award for costs;\n(b) the complaint is frivolous or vexatious or that its suspicions are incorrect,\nthe Tribunal shall, in writing, notify the complainant and the person\nagainst whom the complaint was made and order the complainant to pay\nthe cost incurred by the Tribunal and the person against whom the\ncomplaint was made.\n(2) A direction under subsection (1) may include an order directing an employer\nto redress the contravention including an order, if the employer and aggrieved\nperson agree, to reinstate such aggrieved person.\n(3) A person who fails to comply with a direction of the Tribunal given pursuant\nto subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a\nfine of five thousand dollars.\n36.\nAgreement\n36. Notwithstanding section 35, where, at any stage after the filing of a complaint and\nbefore the commencement of a hearing by the Tribunal, an agreement is made by\nthe parties, the parties shall notify the Tribunal, in writing, of the terms of the\nagreement.\n\nSection 37\nGender Equality Law, 2011\n\nPage 20\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\n37.\nConfidentiality\n37. (1) Subject to subsection (4), a person who is, or has at any time been a member\nshall not, either directly or indirectly \u2014\n(a)\ndivulge or communicate to any person, any information relating to the\naffairs of another person acquired by the member because of his office\nfor the purposes of this Law;\n(b) make use of any such information as is mentioned in paragraph (a); or\n(c)\nproduce to any person a document relating to the affairs of another\nperson given for the purposes of this Law.\n(2) A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on\nsummary conviction to a fine of five thousand dollars.\n(3) A person who is, or has at any time been a member, shall not be required \u2014\n(a)\nto divulge or communicate to a court any information relating to the\naffairs of another person acquired by the member because of his office\nfor the purposes of this Law; or\n(b) to produce in a court a document relating to the affairs of another person\nof which the member has custody, or to which he has access, because of\nhis office for the purposes of this Law,\nexcept where it is necessary to do so for the purposes of this Law.\n(4) This section shall not prohibit a person from \u2014\n(a)\nmaking a record of information for the purposes of exercising a function\nunder this Law or any other law in force in the Islands; or\n(b) divulging or communicating information, or producing a document that\nis required or permitted by a Law to be divulged, communicated or\nproduced as the case may be, if the information is divulged or\ncommunicated, or the document is produced, for the purposes of or under\nthat Law.\n(5) A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to a matter in\nsubsection (4).\n(6) Subsection (3) shall not prevent a person from being required, for the purposes\nof or under a Law, to divulge or communicate information, or to produce a\ndocument, that is required or permitted by that Law to be divulged,\ncommunicated or produced.\n(7) In this section \u2014\n\u201ccourt\u201d includes any tribunal, authority or person having power to require the\nproduction of documents or the answering of questions; and\n\u201cproduce\u201d includes permit access to.\n\nGender Equality Law, 2011\nSection 38\n\nc\nLaw 21 of 2011\nPage 21\n\n38.\nProtection from liability\n38. (1) A member shall not be liable in damages for anything done or omitted in the\ndischarge or purported discharge of his functions, responsibilities, powers and\nduties under this Law unless it is shown that the act or omission was in bad\nfaith.\n(2) The Government shall indemnify a member against all claims, damages, costs\ncharges or expenses incurred by that member in the discharge or purported\ndischarge of his functions, responsibilities, powers and duties under this Law,\nexcept claims, damages, costs, charges or expenses caused by the bad faith of\nthat member.\nPART 6 - MISCELLANEOUS\n39.\nProof of exceptions\n39. Where by any provision of this Law, conduct is excepted from being conduct that is\nunlawful under this Law or that is a contravention of this Law, the onus of proving\nthe exception lies upon the person claiming the exception.\n40.\nAppeal\n40. A person aggrieved by the decision of the Tribunal may within twenty-eight days of\nthe decision appeal to the Grand Court against that decision.\n41.\nRegulations\n41. The Governor in Cabinet may make such Regulations as are required for the\neffective implementation of this Law and generally for carrying this Law into effect.\n42.\nLaw binding on Crown\n42. This Law binds the Crown.\n\nSection 42\nGender Equality Law, 2011\n\nPage 22\nLaw 21 of 2011\nc\n\nPassed by the Legislative Assembly the 14th day of September, 2011.\nMary J. Lawrence\nSpeaker.\nZena Merren-Chin\nClerk of the Legislative Assembly.","akn_extracted_at":"2026-06-22 15:37:08.190267+00","cms_id":"2011-0021","law_type":"principal","year":"2011","number":"21","title":"Public Holidays (No. 2) Order, 2011","status":"in_force"},"provenance":{"files":[{"file_id":"6237","expr_id":"1394","kind":"akn_xml","filename":"2011-0021_Act 21 of 2011.akn.xml","source_url":null,"storage_path":"\/Users\/q\/kyleg-data\/working\/PRINCIPAL\/2011\/2011-0021\/2011-0021_Act 21 of 2011.akn.xml","content_md5":"7f8b9c1d2affc10a1d4a29e0f761993a","byte_size":"42169","http_last_modified":null,"fetched_at":"2026-06-22 15:37:08.545385+00"},{"file_id":"2787","expr_id":"1394","kind":"pristine_pdf","filename":"2011-0021_Act 21 of 2011.pdf","source_url":"\/cms\/images\/LEGISLATION\/PRINCIPAL\/2011\/2011-0021\/2011-0021_Act 21 of 2011.pdf","storage_path":"\/Users\/q\/kyleg-data\/pristine\/PRINCIPAL\/2011\/2011-0021\/2011-0021_Act 21 of 2011.pdf","content_md5":"6ba0ed9998d7ba2806100bc7d4926b34","byte_size":"456118","http_last_modified":null,"fetched_at":"2026-06-21 23:09:35.262031+00"},{"file_id":"2788","expr_id":"1394","kind":"working_pdf","filename":"2011-0021_Act 21 of 2011.pdf","source_url":"\/cms\/images\/LEGISLATION\/PRINCIPAL\/2011\/2011-0021\/2011-0021_Act 21 of 2011.pdf","storage_path":"\/Users\/q\/kyleg-data\/working\/PRINCIPAL\/2011\/2011-0021\/2011-0021_Act 21 of 2011.pdf","content_md5":"6ba0ed9998d7ba2806100bc7d4926b34","byte_size":"456118","http_last_modified":null,"fetched_at":"2026-06-21 23:09:35.262031+00"}],"paragraph_count":34,"latest_history":null},"quality":{"expr_id":"1394","doc_id":"1394","quality_state":"known_issue","quality_score":"55","needs_human_review":"t","deterministic_categories":"{commencement_metadata_problem,duplicate_text,page_header_footer_noise,title_mismatch}","llm_categories":"{truncated_text,title_mismatch}","repair_actions":"{collapse_duplicate_text,reextract_full_text,strip_page_furniture,verify_commencement_metadata,verify_title_metadata}","finding_severity_counts":"{\"medium\": 2}","finding_summary":"Sample shows likely truncation of Section\u202f1 and a mismatch between extracted content and provided metadata title; requires human verification.","assessed_at":"2026-06-22 15:29:45.265753+00","updated_at":"2026-06-22 15:29:45.265753+00"}}