{"kind":"expression","expression":{"expr_id":"282","doc_id":"282","label":"SL 81 of 2024","is_as_enacted":"t","commenced_on":null,"superseded_on":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_to":null,"is_current":"t","incorporating":null,"akn_expr_iri":"\/akn\/ky\/act\/sl\/2024\/81\/eng@2024-01-01","akn_envelope":"{\"_canary\": {\"iri\": {\"work\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/sl\/2024\/81\", \"expression\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/sl\/2024\/81\/eng@2024-01-01\", \"manifestation\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/sl\/2024\/81\/eng@2024-01-01.pdf\"}, \"pdf\": {\"md5\": \"9335af67622adc34058b6abd84debb4a\", \"path\": \"\/Users\/q\/kyleg-data\/working\/SUBORDINATE\/2024\/2024-0081\/2024-0081_SL 81 of 2024.pdf\", \"pages\": 18, \"filename\": \"2024-0081_SL 81 of 2024.pdf\"}, \"errors\": [], \"extraction\": {\"model\": null, \"stats\": {\"word_count\": 6080, \"paragraph_count\": 17, \"text_char_count\": 39905}, \"usage\": null, \"method\": \"pymupdf-text\", \"version\": \"kyleg-akn-1.0\", \"extracted_at\": \"2026-06-22\"}, \"classification\": \"text_layer\", \"validation_flags\": [], \"docai_processor_id\": null}, \"akomaNtoso\": {\"act\": {\"body\": [{\"eId\": \"sec_n1\", \"num\": null, \"text\": \"Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 1 of 18 RULE AND STATEMENT OF GUIDANCE Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers May 2024 Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 2 of 18 Table of Contents Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 3 of 18 List of Acronyms BTCA Banks and Trust Companies Act CIMA Cayman Islands Monetary Authority CMA Companies Management Act MAA Monetary Authority Act TCSPs Trust and Corporate Service Providers Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 4 of 18 Rule and Statement of Guidance Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_1\", \"num\": \"1.\", \"text\": \"Introduction 1.1 This document (\u201cthe Rule and Statement of Guidance\u201d) establishes the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority\u2019s (the \u201cAuthority\u201d or \u201cCIMA\u201d) Rule and Statement of Guidance on Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers (\u201cTCSPs\u201d) and Company Managers. 1.2 The Rule and Statement of Guidance should be read in conjunction with the following: (a) the Banks and Trust Companies Act (\u201cBTCA\u201d) and the Companies Management Act (\u201cCMA\\\"); and (b) any other relevant regulatory measures issued by the Authority from time to time. 1.3 Where applicable, any Acts referred to in this document include related regulations as may be amended from time to time. 1.4 To highlight the Authority\u2019s rules within the compendium, a rule is written in light blue and designated with the letter \u201cR\u201d in the right margin.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_2\", \"num\": \"2.\", \"text\": \"Statement of Objectives 2.1. This Rule and Statement of Guidance establishes minimum requirements and guidance for TCSPs and Company Managers to ensure fair treatment of Clients and general protection of Clients\u2019 assets and monies in relation to the business of company management and trust business. 2.2. The Rules herein are binding on Regulated Persons and establish the minimum requirements Regulated Persons must at all times comply with when providing business of company management and trust business, whereas the guidance, not intended to be prescriptive or exhaustive, sets out the Authority\u2019s minimum expectations relating to the market conduct of TCSPs and Company Managers.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_3\", \"num\": \"3.\", \"text\": \"Statutory Authority 3.1. This Rule and Statement of Guidance is consistent with the Authority\u2019s statutory objectives as prescribed in Section 34 of the Monetary Authority Act (\u201cMAA\u201d), which provides that the Authority may issue rules, statements of principles, or statements of guidance: \u201c34(1) After private sector consultation and consultation with the Minister charged with responsibility for Financial Services, the Authority may\u2013 (a) issue or amend rules or statements of principle or guidance concerning Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 5 of 18 the conduct of licensees and their officers and employees, and any other persons to whom and to the extent that the regulatory acts may apply; (c) issue or amend rules or statements of principle or guidance to reduce the risk of financial services business being used for money laundering or other criminal purposes.\u201d\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_4\", \"num\": \"4.\", \"text\": \"Scope of Application 4.1. The Rule and Statement of Guidance applies to: (a) Holders of a Trust Licence, Restricted Trust Licence and Nominee Trust Licence that have been issued under the Banks and Trust Companies Act (\u201cBTCA\u201d)1; and (b) Holders of a Companies Management Licence and Corporate Services Licence that have been issued under the Companies Management Act (\u201cCMA\\\"). 4.2. The Authority will assess Regulated Persons\u2019 compliance with this Rule and Statement of Guidance in a proportionate manner commensurate with the size, complexity, structure, nature of business and risk profile of its operations. 4.3. The Authority acknowledges that Regulated Persons that are part of a group may be subject to group-wide market conduct practices, and that such Persons may rely on service providers in respect of certain market conduct matters. Where a Regulated Person is part of a group, it may rely on the group market conduct framework provided that the Regulated Persons\u2019 Governing Body is satisfied that the framework is commensurate with the size, complexity, structure, nature of business and risk profile of its operations and legal requirements in the Cayman Islands, including those outlined in this Rule and Statement of Guidance. Where gaps are identified, a tailored market conduct framework that complies with the legal requirements in the Cayman Islands is required for Regulated Persons.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_5\", \"num\": \"5.\", \"text\": \"Definitions 5.1. The following definitions are provided for the purpose of this Rule and Statement of Guidance: 5.1.1. \u201cClient2\u201d refers to any person who has; \u2022 entered into an agreement for the provision of services by a Regulated Person when carrying on trust, corporate service or company management business. \u2022 received or may receive the benefit of services provided or arranged by the TCSP when carrying on trust, corporate or company management business. 1  As defined in the activities listed in the definitions under 5.1.6 of this Rule and Statement of Guidance. 2 The Authority notes that a Client may also include a separate person or entity regulated and supervised by the Authority pursuant to an applicable regulatory Act, for example, a regulated mutual fund under the Mutual Funds Act. Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 6 of 18 \u2022 In the case of holders of a Trust, Restricted Trust or Nominee Trust license, \u201cClient\u201d may also refer to a beneficiary of any trust administered by a Trust, Restricted Trust or Nominee Trust. 5.1.2. \u201cClient Money\u201d includes money that a Regulated Person holds or receives on behalf of a Client or owes to a Client. As a general principle, money ceases to be, or never becomes, Client Money if it is: \u2022 paid to the Client or a duly authorised representative of the Client; \u2022 paid into a bank or other account in the name of the Client; or \u2022 paid otherwise at the direction of the Client; or \u2022 received by a Regulated Person for payment of fees, disbursements or other liabilities owed by the Client as contained in the terms of business. 5.1.3. \u201cComplaint\u201d means any oral or written expression of dissatisfaction, whether justified or not, from, or on behalf of, a person about the provision of, or failure to provide, a service that relates to trust business or company management business carried on by a Regulated Person, which alleges that the complainant has suffered (or may suffer) financial loss, material distress or material inconvenience. 5.1.4. The \u201cGoverning Body\u201d of a Regulated Person is the Board of Directors where the entity is a corporation, the General Partner where the entity is a partnership, the manager (or equivalent) where the entity is a Limited Liability Company, and the Trustee or the Board of Trustees where the entity is a trust business. 5.1.5. \u201cRegulated Person\u201d for the purpose of this Rule and Statement of Guidance means a natural or a legal person or arrangement that has been approved, licensed, registered, or supervised by the Authority pursuant to the relevant regulatory Acts under the Scope of Application3. 5.1.6. \u201cTCSPs\u201d refer to those who undertake any one or more of the following activities pursuant to the BTCA or the CMA as applicable: \u2022 acting as a Corporate or Partnership formation Agent; \u2022 acting as (or arranging for another person to act as) a Director, Secretary or Official of a Company or a Partner of a Partnership or as a Foundation Official; \u2022 providing administration or management of a Trust, Company, Partnership, Foundation or for any other legal person or legal arrangement; \u2022 providing registered office, business address for accommodation, correspondence for administrative address for a Company, Partnership, Foundation or for any other person; \u2022 acting as a Resident Agent4 for the purposes of meeting requirements to hold beneficial ownership or interest information; 3 For example, holders of a Companies Management Licence, a Corporate Services Licence, a Trust Licence, a Restricted Trust, and Nominee Trust Licence. 4 Consistent with section 3(1) (ba) of the CMA to mean an agent establishing and maintaining beneficial ownership registers on behalf of companies and limited liability companies incorporated or formed in the Cayman Islands. Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 7 of 18 \u2022 acting as (or arranging for another person to act as) a Trustee of an Express Trust5; and \u2022 acting as (or arranging for another person to act as) a Nominee Shareholder for another legal person. \u2022 Persons who act as Executors and Administrators.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_6\", \"num\": \"6.\", \"text\": \"Integrity 6.1. A Regulated Person must, at all times, conduct its business with integrity and honesty. 6.2. A Regulated Person must, at all times, have a clear and precise written record of communication with its Clients. 6.3. It is expected that communication that occurs between a Regulated Person and a Client, whether physical, automated, or electronic, is appropriately followed up by a record in writing, for example, with a File Note. 6.4. A Regulated Person must avoid unethical business practices and must not attempt to circumvent the requirements contained within this Rule and Statement of Guidance. 6.5. A Regulated Person must keep the affairs of its Clients confidential except where disclosure of information is required or permitted by an applicable Act, Regulation, direction of a court, or by the Authority or it is authorised by the person(s) to whom the duty of confidentiality is owed. 6.6. A Regulated Person must not represent to Clients or prospective Clients that its status as a Regulated Person indemnifies it against any liability that may arise as a result of the conduct of its business as a Regulated Person. 6.7. A Regulated Person must ensure fair treatment of its Clients. 6.8. The relationship between a Regulated Person and its Clients should be based on integrity, trust, and utmost good faith, demonstrated by the Regulated Person acting in the best interests of its Clients by always upholding and acting in accordance with the terms of the documentation governing their relationship. 6.9. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to create an open, transparent, fair, and honest business environment for its Clients. The information and advice provided by the Regulated Person to each Client should be clear and appropriate. 6.10. A Regulated Person must ensure it acts with due skill, care and diligence in the conduct of its business and fulfil the responsibilities that it has undertaken on behalf of its Client. 6.11. The Authority expects that, throughout the lifetime of the relationship with its Clients, a Regulated Person should maintain appropriate and reliable interactions while exercising care and prudence. 6.12. In establishing that a Regulated Person is acting in the best interest of its Clients, there should be adequate procedures reviewed, approved and 5means a trust created by an expressed declaration in writing. R R R R R R R Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 8 of 18 implemented by the Governing Body of a Regulated Person. In addition, a Regulated Person should ensure that detailed, robust reviews are conducted at appropriate intervals with respect to the trust, corporate business or company management business that the Regulated Person provides to its Clients. 6.13. Specifically, Corporate Service Providers and Company Managers should treat each Client\u2019s best interests as paramount, subject to their legal obligations to other persons or bodies. The holders of Trust, Restricted Trust and Nominee Trust Licence conducting trust business (as defined under BTCA) should treat the interests of beneficiaries and\/or purposes (as applicable) as paramount and act impartially between beneficiaries subject to the terms of the trust and their legal obligations. 6.14. A Regulated Person must ensure that it fully understands its duties arising under the laws relevant to the administration and affairs of Clients in the jurisdictions where their business is carried out and the assets managed are held. 6.15. A Regulated Person must ensure that decisions taken or transactions entered into by or on behalf of Clients, or in respect of Client structures are: (a) within the scope of authority of the Regulated Person; (b) documented and actioned by the Regulated Person in a timely manner commensurate with the size, complexity, structure, nature of business and risk profile of its operations; and (c) properly authorised and handled by persons with an appropriate level of knowledge, experience and status. 6.16. With regard to maintaining timeliness of transactions, a Regulated Person is guided to transact its business (including establishing, transferring or closing business relationships with its Clients) expeditiously, meaning without delay.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_7\", \"num\": \"7.\", \"text\": \"Conflicts of Interest 7.1. A Regulated Person must have in place and operate according to a written conflict of interest policy appropriate to the size, complexity, structure, nature of business and risk profile of its operations. The conflicts of interest policy must: (a) identify, with reference to the regulated activities carried out by or on behalf of the Regulated Person, the circumstances which constitute or may give rise to a conflict of interest entailing a risk of damage to the interests of its Clients; and (b) specify procedures to be followed and measures to be adopted in order to manage such conflicts. 7.2. Where direct or indirect conflicts of interest arise, a Regulated Person must: (a) disclose the general nature and\/or source of the conflicts of interest to the Client and the possible ramifications of such conflicts; (b) only undertake business with or on behalf of a Client where that Client has acknowledged in writing that they are aware of the conflict of interest and still wants to proceed; and R R R R Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 9 of 18 (c) ensure that in all cases, the Client is treated fairly in accordance with the provisions of this Rule and Statement of Guidance. 7.3. As a general principle, a Regulated Person should make every effort to avoid or minimise any conflicts of interest. However, in the event that a conflict of interest arises, a Regulated Person should ensure fair treatment to all its Clients by applying internal policies and procedures concerning disclosure; applying its internal rules of confidentiality, declining to act; or, where possible, in compliance with applicable fiduciary duties; withdrawing from the relationship; or otherwise, as appropriate. 7.4. In order to demonstrate that it is not unfairly placing its interests above a Client\u2019s interests, a Regulated Person should ensure that it proactively, properly and reasonably declares, in writing, any conflict of interests to Clients.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_8\", \"num\": \"8.\", \"text\": \"Advice and Use of Discretion 8.1. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to take reasonable steps to provide its Clients with comprehensible and timely information needed to enable each Client to make a balanced and informed decision. Any advice a Regulated Person provides to its Clients, whether solicited or unsolicited, should be provided objectively, independently, and in the Client\u2019s best interest. 8.2. A Regulated Person should provide a full and fair account of the fulfilment of its responsibilities to its Client when requested. 8.3. Where a Regulated Person uses its discretion to make a decision on behalf of a Client, the Regulated Person must ensure that: (a) all reasonable steps were taken to obtain sufficient information to exercise such discretion; (b) the discretion or power used was for a proper purpose; and (c) written evidence is recorded for such a decision made.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_9\", \"num\": \"9.\", \"text\": \"Client Money and Assets 9.1. A Regulated Person must ensure it acts with due care, skill and diligence when administering and holding Client Money. 9.2. A Regulated Person must hold Client Money in an account that is clearly segregated and distinct from other Clients\u2019 accounts and from any accounts of the Regulated Person. 9.3. As a normal business practice, the Authority expects that any Client\u2019s money is held separately from another Client\u2019s money, except where to do so is impracticable or impossible and the interests of Clients are adversely affected. Reference is also made to the guidance provided in 9.13 regarding the reconciliation of each Client\u2019s account. R R R Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 10 of 18 9.4. A Regulated Person must not open Client accounts or hold Client Money in an entity that is subject to any sanctions or in an entity that meets the criteria of a shell bank6. 9.5. Where Client Money is held on trust, the account where the Client Money is held must not be operated until the Regulated Person has obtained written confirmation from the entity holding the Client Money that: (a) the account is a Client account, and that money standing to the credit of the account is held by the Regulated Person as a fiduciary; (b) the entity is not entitled to combine the account with any other account or exercise any right of set-off or counterclaim against money in the account in respect of a debt or other obligation owed to it by the Regulated Person; (c) interest earned on the account will be credited to that account or to an account of that type. 9.6. A Regulated Person must disclose to a Client the terms upon which Client Money is held. 9.7. A Regulated Person must pay any interest earned on Client Money in accordance with the terms set out in the Client agreement or terms of business document, and if no interest is to be paid, such agreement or terms of business document must record this fact. 9.8. A Regulated Person must implement appropriate policies, procedures and safeguards (whether automated, electronic or physical) at a minimum, dual signatures \/ dual control to ensure Client Money payouts are adequately approved or authenticated, recorded and conducted in accordance with the accepted Client agreement or terms of business document. 9.9. A Regulated Person must implement policies and procedures to prevent the use of Client Money for the settlement of the Regulated Person\u2019s fees and disbursements, subject to the Client agreement or terms of business document, and protect the Client\u2019s assets from theft, fraud and other forms of misappropriation or inappropriate use. 9.10. Where a Regulated Person is responsible for administering or holding Client assets other than Client Money, the Regulated Person must develop appropriate documented policies and clear procedures that ensure: (a) it acts with professional skill, care and diligence with regard to the administration of those assets; (b) the Client\u2019s assets are segregated from those of the Regulated Person; and (c) there are documented systems, controls and procedures to effectively reconcile any receipt or movement of a Client's assets administered by a Regulated Person. 6 Under Part IX of the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations, a \u201cShell Bank \u201cmeans any institution that accepts currency for deposit and that \u2014has no physical presence in the jurisdiction in which it is incorporated or in which it is operating, as the case may be; or is unaffiliated with a regulated financial group that is subject to effective consolidated supervision. R R R R R R R Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 11 of 18 9.11. A Regulated Person must have documented systems, controls and procedures governing the sole, dual or multiple authorisations for handling its Clients\u2019 assets commensurate with the size, complexity, structure, nature of business and risk profile of its operations. 9.12. Regulated Person must ensure that Client Money accounts are reconciled promptly. 9.13. It is expected that the Regulated Person reconciles the balance on each Client\u2019s account as recorded by the Regulated Person with the balance on that account as set out in the statement issued by the entity in which the Client\u2019s Money is held, covering the period under which the reconciliation is made. Any differences recognised in the reconciliation of such Client Money accounts should be corrected without delay. In respect of the timeliness of conducting reconciliations, Regulated Persons should promptly reconcile Client Money accounts and record same, commensurate with the size, complexity, structure, nature of business and risk profile of its operations. 9.14. Holders of Trust, Restricted Trust, and Nominee Trust Licence must ensure that, in carrying out their duties as trustees, fiduciaries and\/or administrators, they safeguard the assets of the trusts and act in accordance with the trust deed and applicable Acts or Persons who act as Executors and Administrators. 9.15. The Authority expects that Holders of Trust, Restricted Trust, and Nominee Trust Licence should act professionally and responsibly in the best interest of the beneficiaries and\/or its purposes.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_10\", \"num\": \"10.\", \"text\": \"Resources 10.1. A Regulated Person must establish and maintain appropriate policies, procedures and controls to monitor and ensure it always has the requisite capacity and resources to provide the services agreed upon with its Clients. 10.2. Where a Regulated Person deals with a person who is acting for a Client under a Power of Attorney, the Regulated Person must: (a) obtain a certified copy of the power of attorney; (b) ensure that the power of attorney allows the person to act on the Client\u2019s behalf; and (c) operate within the limitations set out in the power of attorney. 10.3. In respect of any delegation of duties or powers, whether by a formal Power of Attorney agreement or otherwise, should only be entered into with an appropriate person for a proper purpose. The Regulated Person should: (a) ensure any delegation is for a specific purpose; (b) where the delegation is irrevocable, include within the documentation either an expiry date or a statement that the delegation will expire given specific circumstance(s) or action(s); (c) where the delegation is revocable, include within the documentation an expiry date or a requirement that the relationship with the appropriate person is formally reviewed on a periodic basis; (d) monitor the application of the power of attorney, formal agreement or R R R R R Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 12 of 18 other arrangement; and (e) ensure that appropriate due diligence has been carried out on the delegate.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_11\", \"num\": \"11.\", \"text\": \"Advertising and Communication 11.1. A Regulated Person must ensure that its advertising and communication practices: (a) do not violate applicable regulations; (b) do not violate standards of prudence and fairness; (c) are clear, ethical, factual, and not misleading, false or deceptive; (d) do not present or promote any licensable services that it is not licensed to provide; (e) do not contain any element that is in breach of Acts or promotes the breach of any legislation; (f) disclose to its Clients and prospective Clients any foreseeable risk with any service it provides to them; and (g) as far as possible, do not place the Cayman Islands at risk of being brought into disrepute. 11.2. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to take reasonable steps to ensure that words in financial service advertisements are chosen carefully and treated with great caution. In addition, statements, whether in a written or broadcasted advertisement, should avoid the use of terminology such as \u201cguaranteed, \u201cconfidential\u201d, \u201cassured\u201d, \u201csecret\u201d, or similar statements, and regard should be had to the Authority\u2019s Policy-Marketing Policies of Licensees. 11.3. Without limiting the generality of Rule 11.1, if a Regulated Person includes the following information in its advertisements or communication, the information should be sufficiently verifiable: (a) its ability to provide the advertised service; (b) the scale of activities; (c) the extent of the resources; (d) the nature of the Regulated Person\u2019s involvement in the advertised service; (e) the scarcity of the advertised service; (f) past performance or possible future performance of the advertised service 11.4. A Regulated Person should notify a Client if it is acting as an agent or instructing an agent in relation to particular services. 11.5. With regards to communication with potential Clients or Clients, a Regulated Person should provide information in a way that is suitable, using plain language and terminology. It is expected that a Regulated Person should disclose information regarding key risks, fees and charges, and relevant terms and conditions before any commitment is made between the Regulated Person R Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 13 of 18 and a Client. The intention is to ensure that a potential Client is able to make an informed decision.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_12\", \"num\": \"12.\", \"text\": \"Terms of Business 12.1. A Regulated Person must enter into written terms of business with Clients for whom they have agreed to act. 12.2. It is expected that at all times mutually agreed terms are appropriately documented, recorded and aptly confirmed in writing, whether physical or electronically (for example, email, links) with the Client, including, amongst other matters, the instructions received, the authorities granted, and the capacity and scope of discretion, if any, within which the Regulated Person will act in the provision of its services for its Client. 12.3. A Regulated Person should be able to demonstrate that adequate disclosure of the main risks and the relevant terms and conditions was made to its Clients to enable them to make informed decisions before accepting and committing to the terms of business and provision of services. The terms of business document may be disclosed by way of hard copy, electronic copy, record or retrievable electronic link. 12.4. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to be able to provide appropriate records that evidence the provision to Clients of documented terms of business for the services that they provide. 12.5. The terms of business document provided by a Regulated Person must include the following elements: (a) a clear description of the services to be provided; (b) any fees to be charged, the basis of the calculation of those fees and the ability, if any, to make changes to the basis for determining fees. Adequate notice must be given before any material change to fee structures; (c) confirmation of how and by whom requests for actions are to be given (as applicable to the Client and\/or the structure); (d) a description of the procedure for dealing with any Complaints; (e) that termination of a relationship or transfer of services be on at least one (1) month and the consequences of termination or transfer of services, clearly noted, if any, unless an extenuating reason is provided; (f) a statement that the Regulated Person is licensed by the Authority. 12.6. The agreed terms of business between a Regulated Person and its Clients should also ensure that the documentation: (a) is appropriate to the size, nature, complexity, structure and risk profile of the Regulated Person\u2019s operations; (b) be distinguishable from marketing or promotional material; (c) be consistent with this Rule and Guidance and other relevant measures as noted in section 1.2 of this document; R R Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 14 of 18 (d) be clearly expressed in plain language that only uses technical or legal terms where absolutely necessary. Where technical\/legal terms are used, they should be clearly defined for clarity. (e) be provided prior to the provision of any services in connection to the business of company management or trust business, except when it is impractical to do so, in which case the document should be provided at the earliest available opportunity; (f) explains whether the Regulated Person is acting as a principal or as the agent of the person to whom the service is provided or any other person(s); (g) sets out the terms on which money is held in those cases where the Regulated Person holds a Client\u2019s money; and (h) includes all appropriate information relevant to the service that will be provided. 12.7. Any special or non-standard fee arrangement must be documented between the Client and the Regulated Person. 12.8. Where a Regulated Person acts as a nominee shareholder on a Client structure, the Regulated Person must ensure that there is a written agreement reflecting the nominee agreement. 12.9. The nominee agreement must clearly identify the nominator and the ultimate beneficial owner and all the appropriate nominee information to the service that is being provided; and a copy of which must be retained as part of records of the Regulated Person. A Regulated Person should accurately record the basis of any charges in respect of time spent and disbursements and make the relevant records available to Clients upon request. 12.10. Subject to Rule 12.5 (e), prior to termination of a relationship with a Client or transfer of services, a Regulated Person, must notify the Authority of the following, in writing within 14 business days: (a) the reasons to resign or remove itself from providing the business of company management and trust business to a Client. (b) any other material changes that may affect the Regulated Person\u2019s: i. registration with the Registrar of Companies; ii. license with the Authority; or iii. fulfilment of fiduciary and regulatory obligations. This notification must include details of the steps the Regulated Person has taken or intends to take to address the change. 12.11. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to remain compliant with all recordkeeping obligations pursuant to applicable regulatory or other Acts (including the MAA7 and the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations8). Accordingly, the 7 Section 34(8) of the MAA. 8 Part VIII, sections 31 and 32 of the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations. R R R R Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 15 of 18 Authority may require a Regulated Person to provide records even after the termination of a relationship with a Client.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_13\", \"num\": \"13.\", \"text\": \"Directorship Services 13.1. Where a holder of Companies Management Licence is acting as or fulfilling the function of or arranging for another person to act as or fulfil the function of a director or alternate director of a company, the holder of Companies Management Licence: (a) where it acts or arranges for another to act: i. should take reasonable steps to ensure that those persons acting as directors understand their obligations under the relevant Acts, including those laws of the jurisdiction(s) that are applicable to services requested by the Client; ii. should have appropriate policies and controls in place to address potential or real conflicts of interest that may arise between it and the person who is acting or between the person acting and any other relevant party (for example, related parties of the Regulated Person that may also be providing services to the Client) and if any conflicts exist that they are disclosed the Client (see section 7); iii. must have appropriate policies and controls to properly assess and determine that those acting are fit and proper, suitable, competent, understand their duties and are able to comply with the requirements of the relevant Acts; iv. must have appropriate policies and procedures to properly document arrangements for another person to act as or fulfil; the role of a director \/alternate director of a company. Such arrangements must identify the person arranging for director services and the ultimate beneficial owner; and a copy of which must be retained in the Regulated Person\u2019s records. v. should not facilitate any arrangement that deliberately promotes the appointment of a \u201cnominee\u201d director. An appointed director should be aware that he has a duty to act in the best interests of any company for which he is appointed to its board; and vi. should have in place adequate policies and controls to satisfy itself that, prior to appointment, proposed directors have adequate resources to discharge their corporate governance obligations effectively to every company for which they provide directorship services. (b) keep or satisfy itself that appropriate policies and necessary controls are in place to allow records to be kept that are sufficient to show and explain transactions and disclose, with reasonable accuracy, the financial position of the structures under administration and in keeping with relevant Acts; and (c) should forthrightly and clearly disclose to its Clients for whom it acts or arranges for another to act its limitations in terms of its liability in writing. R R Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 16 of 18\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_14\", \"num\": \"14.\", \"text\": \"Complaints Handling 14.1. A Regulated Person must establish an effective documented Complaints handling system and procedures that allow for the proper, fair, and just management of Complaints. 14.2. A Regulated Person must maintain an up-to-date and comprehensive log of all Complaints from Clients subject to the Complaint\u2019s handling procedures. This log must contain: (a) details of each Complaint; (b) the date the Complaint  was received; (c) a summary of the Regulated Person\u2019s response(s), including dates; (d) details of any other relevant correspondence or records; (e) the action taken to resolve each Complaint ; (f) where relevant, the current status of any Complaint which has been referred to the relevant Ombudsman; and (g) the date the Complaint was resolved. 14.3. Upon receipt of a Complaint, a Regulated Person must, within five (5) business days, unless expressly agreed by the complainant to the contrary, provide the complainant with an acknowledgement in writing that the Complaint has been received and is being considered. 14.4. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to undertake an appropriate analysis of the patterns of Complaints from Clients on a regular basis, including investigating whether Complaints indicate an isolated issue or a more widespread issue for Clients and consider updating or revising its market conduct-related policies and procedures or its policies and procedures generally, where applicable. This analysis of consumer Complaints should be escalated to the Regulated Person\u2019s compliance\/risk function and senior management. 14.5. As appropriate, a Regulated Person should document the investigations, analyses and actions taken about Complaints made by Clients against it or its employees. It is expected that a Regulated Person informs Clients of how Complaints may be made and how they will be responded to. The handling of Complaints should be transparent, efficient, thorough, and impartial. In addition, a Regulated Person should not unnecessarily delay responses to or resolution of Complaints in an effort to frustrate the process or the Client. 14.6. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to reasonably keep the complainant informed about the progress of their Complaint, including details of any actions being taken to resolve it. The Regulated Person should provide the complainant with the name of one or more individuals appointed by the Regulated Person to be the complainant\u2019s point of contact in relation to the Complaint until it is resolved. 14.7. A Regulated Person should confirm to the complainant in writing when a Complaint has been closed. If a Regulated Person concludes that it is not upholding a Complaint, it should communicate this to the complainant in writing, clearly stating the reason(s) for its decision and inform the complainant R R R Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 17 of 18 that he\/she has the option to escalate the matter to the Authority or the Ombudsman of the Cayman Islands as applicable.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_15\", \"num\": \"15.\", \"text\": \"Enforcement 15.1. Whenever there has been a breach of the Rules included in this document, the Authority\u2019s policies and procedures, as contained in its Enforcement Manual, will apply in addition to any other powers provided in the relevant Acts and the MAA.\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}, {\"eId\": \"sec_16\", \"num\": \"16.\", \"text\": \"Effective Date 16.1. This Rule and Statement of Guidance will come into effect within six (6) months of the date that it is published in the Gazette. Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Page 18 of 18\", \"element\": \"section\", \"heading\": null}], \"meta\": {\"notes\": null, \"workflow\": null, \"lifecycle\": {\"source\": \"#cilegis\", \"eventRef\": [{\"eId\": \"e_commence_2024_01_01\", \"date\": \"2024-01-01\", \"type\": \"generation\", \"source\": \"#cilegis\"}]}, \"references\": {\"source\": \"#canary\", \"TLCRole\": [], \"TLCEvent\": [{\"eId\": \"ev_commencement\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/event\/commencement\", \"showAs\": \"commencement\"}], \"TLCPerson\": [], \"TLCConcept\": [{\"eId\": \"inForce\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/concept\/temporal\/in-force\", \"showAs\": \"in force\"}], \"TLCProcess\": [], \"TLCLocation\": [], \"TLCOrganization\": [{\"eId\": \"cilegis\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/organization\/editor\/cilegis\", \"showAs\": \"Cayman Islands legislation mirror (kyleg)\"}]}, \"temporalData\": {\"source\": \"#cilegis\", \"temporalGroup\": [{\"eId\": \"tg_inforce_2024_01_01\", \"timeInterval\": [{\"end\": null, \"start\": \"#e_commence_2024_01_01\", \"duration\": null, \"refersTo\": \"#inForce\"}]}]}, \"classification\": null, \"identification\": {\"source\": \"#cilegis\", \"FRBRWork\": {\"FRBRuri\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/sl\/2024\/81\", \"FRBRdate\": [{\"date\": \"2024-01-01\", \"name\": \"generation\"}], \"FRBRthis\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/sl\/2024\/81\/!main\", \"FRBRalias\": [{\"name\": \"cmsId\", \"value\": \"2024-0081\"}], \"FRBRauthor\": [{\"as\": \"#editor\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/organization\/editor\/cilegis\"}], \"FRBRnumber\": \"81 of 2024\", \"FRBRcountry\": \"ky\", \"FRBRsubtype\": \"subordinate\"}, \"FRBRExpression\": {\"FRBRuri\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/sl\/2024\/81\/eng@2024-01-01\", \"FRBRdate\": [{\"date\": \"2024-01-01\", \"name\": \"generation\"}], \"FRBRthis\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/sl\/2024\/81\/eng@2024-01-01\/!main\", \"FRBRauthor\": [{\"as\": \"#editor\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/organization\/editor\/cilegis\"}], \"FRBRlanguage\": \"eng\"}, \"FRBRManifestation\": {\"FRBRuri\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/sl\/2024\/81\/eng@2024-01-01.xml\", \"FRBRdate\": [{\"date\": \"2026-06-22\", \"name\": \"generation\"}], \"FRBRthis\": \"\/akn\/ky\/act\/sl\/2024\/81\/eng@2024-01-01.xml\", \"FRBRauthor\": [{\"as\": \"#editor\", \"href\": \"\/akn\/ontology\/canary\/organization\/editor\/cilegis\"}], \"FRBRformat\": \"application\/xml\"}}}, \"name\": \"act\", \"header\": {\"title\": \"Rule \u2013 Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers \u2013 May 2024\", \"actNumber\": \"81 of 2024\", \"longTitle\": null}}, \"doc\": null, \"bill\": null, \"judgment\": null}}","akn_full_text":"Cayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 1 of 18\n\nRULE AND STATEMENT OF GUIDANCE\nMarket Conduct for Trust and Corporate\nServices Providers and Company Managers\n\nMay 2024\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 2 of 18\n\nTable of Contents\n\nList of Acronyms ..................................................................................................... 3\n1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 4\n2. Statement of Objectives .................................................................................... 4\n3. Statutory Authority ........................................................................................... 4\n4. Scope of Application .......................................................................................... 5\n5. Definitions ........................................................................................................ 5\n6. Integrity ........................................................................................................... 7\n7. Conflicts of Interest .......................................................................................... 8\n8. Advice and Use of Discretion ............................................................................. 9\n9. Client  Money and Assets .................................................................................. 9\n10. Resources ....................................................................................................... 11\n11. Advertising and Communication ...................................................................... 12\n12. Terms of Business ........................................................................................... 13\n13. Directorship Services ...................................................................................... 15\n14. Complaints Handling ....................................................................................... 16\n15. Enforcement .................................................................................................... 17\n16. Effective Date .................................................................................................. 17\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 3 of 18\nList of Acronyms\n\nBTCA\nBanks and Trust Companies Act\nCIMA\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\nCMA\nCompanies Management Act\nMAA\nMonetary Authority Act\nTCSPs\nTrust and Corporate Service Providers\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 4 of 18\n\nRule and Statement of Guidance\n\nMarket Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and\nCompany Managers\n\n1.\nIntroduction\n\n1.1\nThis document (\u201cthe Rule and Statement of Guidance\u201d) establishes the Cayman\nIslands Monetary Authority\u2019s (the \u201cAuthority\u201d or \u201cCIMA\u201d) Rule and Statement of\nGuidance on Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers\n(\u201cTCSPs\u201d) and Company Managers.\n\n1.2\nThe Rule and Statement of Guidance should be read in conjunction with the\nfollowing:\n\n(a)\nthe Banks and Trust Companies Act (\u201cBTCA\u201d) and the Companies\nManagement Act (\u201cCMA\"); and\n\n(b)\nany other relevant regulatory measures issued by the Authority from\ntime to time.\n\n1.3\nWhere applicable, any Acts referred to in this document include related\nregulations as may be amended from time to time.\n\n1.4\nTo highlight the Authority\u2019s rules within the compendium, a rule is written in\nlight blue and designated with the letter \u201cR\u201d in the right margin.\n\n2.\nStatement of Objectives\n\n2.1.\nThis Rule and Statement of Guidance establishes minimum requirements and\nguidance for TCSPs and Company Managers to ensure fair treatment of Clients\nand general protection of Clients\u2019 assets and monies in relation to the business\nof company management and trust business.\n\n2.2.\nThe Rules herein are binding on Regulated Persons and establish the minimum\nrequirements Regulated Persons must at all times comply with when providing\nbusiness of company management and trust business, whereas the guidance,\nnot intended to be prescriptive or exhaustive, sets out the Authority\u2019s minimum\nexpectations relating to the market conduct of TCSPs and Company Managers.\n\n3.\nStatutory Authority\n\n3.1.\nThis Rule and Statement of Guidance is consistent with the Authority\u2019s statutory\nobjectives as prescribed in Section 34 of the Monetary Authority Act (\u201cMAA\u201d),\nwhich provides that the Authority may issue rules, statements of principles, or\nstatements of guidance:\n\n\u201c34(1) After private sector consultation and consultation with the Minister\ncharged with responsibility for Financial Services, the Authority may\u2013\n\n(a)\nissue or amend rules or statements of principle or guidance concerning\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 5 of 18\nthe conduct of licensees and their officers and employees, and any other\npersons to whom and to the extent that the regulatory acts may apply;\n\n(c)\nissue or amend rules or statements of principle or guidance to reduce\nthe risk of financial services business being used for money laundering\nor other criminal purposes.\u201d\n\n4.\nScope of Application\n\n4.1.\nThe Rule and Statement of Guidance applies to:\n\n(a)\nHolders of a Trust Licence, Restricted Trust Licence and Nominee Trust\nLicence that have been issued under the Banks and Trust Companies\nAct (\u201cBTCA\u201d)1; and\n\n(b)\nHolders of a Companies Management Licence and Corporate Services\nLicence that have been issued under the Companies Management Act\n(\u201cCMA\").\n\n4.2.\nThe Authority will assess Regulated Persons\u2019 compliance with this Rule and\nStatement of Guidance in a proportionate manner commensurate with the size,\ncomplexity, structure, nature of business and risk profile of its operations.\n\n4.3.\nThe Authority acknowledges that Regulated Persons that are part of a group\nmay be subject to group-wide market conduct practices, and that such Persons\nmay rely on service providers in respect of certain market conduct matters.\nWhere a Regulated Person is part of a group, it may rely on the group market\nconduct framework provided that the Regulated Persons\u2019 Governing Body is\nsatisfied that the framework is commensurate with the size, complexity,\nstructure, nature of business and risk profile of its operations and legal\nrequirements in the Cayman Islands, including those outlined in this Rule and\nStatement of Guidance. Where gaps are identified, a tailored market conduct\nframework that complies with the legal requirements in the Cayman Islands is\nrequired for Regulated Persons.\n\n5.\nDefinitions\n\n5.1.\nThe following definitions are provided for the purpose of this Rule and\nStatement of Guidance:\n\n5.1.1. \u201cClient2\u201d refers to any person who has;\n\n\u2022\nentered into an agreement for the provision of services by a\nRegulated Person when carrying on trust, corporate service or\ncompany management business.\n\u2022\nreceived or may receive the benefit of services provided or\narranged by the TCSP when carrying on trust, corporate or\ncompany management business.\n\n1  As defined in the activities listed in the definitions under 5.1.6 of this Rule and Statement of Guidance.\n2 The Authority notes that a Client may also include a separate person or entity regulated and supervised by the Authority pursuant\nto an applicable regulatory Act, for example, a regulated mutual fund under the Mutual Funds Act.\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 6 of 18\n\u2022\nIn the case of holders of a Trust, Restricted Trust or Nominee\nTrust license, \u201cClient\u201d may also refer to a beneficiary of any trust\nadministered by a Trust, Restricted Trust or Nominee Trust.\n\n5.1.2. \u201cClient Money\u201d includes money that a Regulated Person holds or\nreceives on behalf of a Client or owes to a Client. As a general principle,\nmoney ceases to be, or never becomes, Client Money if it is:\n\n\u2022\npaid to the Client or a duly authorised representative of the\nClient;\n\u2022\npaid into a bank or other account in the name of the Client; or\n\u2022\npaid otherwise at the direction of the Client; or\n\u2022\nreceived by a Regulated Person for payment of fees,\ndisbursements or other liabilities owed by the Client as contained\nin the terms of business.\n\n5.1.3. \u201cComplaint\u201d means any oral or written expression of dissatisfaction,\nwhether justified or not, from, or on behalf of, a person about the\nprovision of, or failure to provide, a service that relates to trust business\nor company management business carried on by a Regulated Person,\nwhich alleges that the complainant has suffered (or may suffer) financial\nloss, material distress or material inconvenience.\n\n5.1.4. The \u201cGoverning Body\u201d of a Regulated Person is the Board of Directors\nwhere the entity is a corporation, the General Partner where the entity\nis a partnership, the manager (or equivalent) where the entity is a\nLimited Liability Company, and the Trustee or the Board of Trustees\nwhere the entity is a trust business.\n\n5.1.5. \u201cRegulated Person\u201d for the purpose of this Rule and Statement of\nGuidance means a natural or a legal person or arrangement that has\nbeen approved, licensed, registered, or supervised by the Authority\npursuant to the relevant regulatory Acts under the Scope of\nApplication3.\n\n5.1.6. \u201cTCSPs\u201d refer to those who undertake any one or more of the following\nactivities pursuant to the BTCA or the CMA as applicable:\n\n\u2022\nacting as a Corporate or Partnership formation Agent;\n\u2022\nacting as (or arranging for another person to act as) a Director,\nSecretary or Official of a Company or a Partner of a Partnership\nor as a Foundation Official;\n\u2022\nproviding administration or management of a Trust, Company,\nPartnership, Foundation or for any other legal person or legal\narrangement;\n\u2022\nproviding registered office, business address for accommodation,\ncorrespondence for administrative address for a Company,\nPartnership, Foundation or for any other person;\n\u2022\nacting as a Resident Agent4 for the purposes of meeting\nrequirements\nto\nhold\nbeneficial\nownership\nor\ninterest\ninformation;\n\n3 For example, holders of a Companies Management Licence, a Corporate Services Licence, a Trust Licence, a Restricted Trust, and\nNominee Trust Licence.\n4 Consistent with section 3(1) (ba) of the CMA to mean an agent establishing and maintaining beneficial ownership registers on\nbehalf of companies and limited liability companies incorporated or formed in the Cayman Islands.\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 7 of 18\n\u2022\nacting as (or arranging for another person to act as) a Trustee of\nan Express Trust5; and\n\u2022\nacting as (or arranging for another person to act as) a Nominee\nShareholder for another legal person.\n\u2022\nPersons who act as Executors and Administrators.\n\n6.\nIntegrity\n\n6.1.\nA Regulated Person must, at all times, conduct its business with integrity and\nhonesty.\n\n6.2.\nA Regulated Person must, at all times, have a clear and precise written record\nof communication with its Clients.\n\n6.3.\nIt is expected that communication that occurs between a Regulated Person and\na Client, whether physical, automated, or electronic, is appropriately followed\nup by a record in writing, for example, with a File Note.\n\n6.4.\nA Regulated Person must avoid unethical business practices and must not\nattempt to circumvent the requirements contained within this Rule and\nStatement of Guidance.\n\n6.5.\nA Regulated Person must keep the affairs of its Clients confidential except\nwhere disclosure of information is required or permitted by an applicable Act,\nRegulation, direction of a court, or by the Authority or it is authorised by the\nperson(s) to whom the duty of confidentiality is owed.\n\n6.6.\nA Regulated Person must not represent to Clients or prospective Clients that its\nstatus as a Regulated Person indemnifies it against any liability that may arise\nas a result of the conduct of its business as a Regulated Person.\n\n6.7.\nA Regulated Person must ensure fair treatment of its Clients.\n\n6.8.\nThe relationship between a Regulated Person and its Clients should be based\non integrity, trust, and utmost good faith, demonstrated by the Regulated\nPerson acting in the best interests of its Clients by always upholding and acting\nin accordance with the terms of the documentation governing their relationship.\n\n6.9.\nThe Authority expects a Regulated Person to create an open, transparent, fair,\nand honest business environment for its Clients. The information and advice\nprovided by the Regulated Person to each Client should be clear and\nappropriate.\n\n6.10. A Regulated Person must ensure it acts with due skill, care and diligence in the\nconduct of its business and fulfil the responsibilities that it has undertaken on\nbehalf of its Client.\n\n6.11. The Authority expects that, throughout the lifetime of the relationship with its\nClients, a Regulated Person should maintain appropriate and reliable\ninteractions while exercising care and prudence.\n\n6.12. In establishing that a Regulated Person is acting in the best interest of its\nClients, there should be adequate procedures reviewed, approved and\n\n5means a trust created by an expressed declaration in writing.\n   R\nR\n R\nR\n  R\nR\nR\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 8 of 18\nimplemented by the Governing Body of a Regulated Person. In addition, a\nRegulated Person should ensure that detailed, robust reviews are conducted at\nappropriate intervals with respect to the trust, corporate business or company\nmanagement business that the Regulated Person provides to its Clients.\n\n6.13. Specifically, Corporate Service Providers and Company Managers should treat\neach Client\u2019s best interests as paramount, subject to their legal obligations to\nother persons or bodies. The holders of Trust, Restricted Trust and Nominee\nTrust Licence conducting trust business (as defined under BTCA) should treat\nthe interests of beneficiaries and\/or purposes (as applicable) as paramount and\nact impartially between beneficiaries subject to the terms of the trust and their\nlegal obligations.\n\n6.14. A Regulated Person must ensure that it fully understands its duties arising\nunder the laws relevant to the administration and affairs of Clients in the\njurisdictions where their business is carried out and the assets managed are\nheld.\n\n6.15. A Regulated Person must ensure that decisions taken or transactions entered\ninto by or on behalf of Clients, or in respect of Client structures are:\n\n(a)\nwithin the scope of authority of the Regulated Person;\n(b)\ndocumented and actioned by the Regulated Person in a timely manner\ncommensurate with the size, complexity, structure, nature of business\nand risk profile of its operations; and\n(c)\nproperly authorised and handled by persons with an appropriate level of\nknowledge, experience and status.\n\n6.16. With regard to maintaining timeliness of transactions, a Regulated Person is\nguided to transact its business (including establishing, transferring or closing\nbusiness relationships with its Clients) expeditiously, meaning without delay.\n\n7.\nConflicts of Interest\n\n7.1.\nA Regulated Person must have in place and operate according to a written\nconflict of interest policy appropriate to the size, complexity, structure, nature\nof business and risk profile of its operations. The conflicts of interest policy\nmust:\n\n(a)\nidentify, with reference to the regulated activities carried out by or on\nbehalf of the Regulated Person, the circumstances which constitute or\nmay give rise to a conflict of interest entailing a risk of damage to the\ninterests of its Clients; and\n(b)\nspecify procedures to be followed and measures to be adopted in order\nto manage such conflicts.\n\n7.2.\nWhere direct or indirect conflicts of interest arise, a Regulated Person must:\n\n(a)\ndisclose the general nature and\/or source of the conflicts of interest to\nthe Client and the possible ramifications of such conflicts;\n(b)\nonly undertake business with or on behalf of a Client where that Client\nhas acknowledged in writing that they are aware of the conflict of\ninterest and still wants to proceed; and\nR\nR\nR\nR\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 9 of 18\n(c)\nensure that in all cases, the Client is treated fairly in accordance with\nthe provisions of this Rule and Statement of Guidance.\n\n7.3.\nAs a general principle, a Regulated Person should make every effort to avoid or\nminimise any conflicts of interest. However, in the event that a conflict of\ninterest arises, a Regulated Person should ensure fair treatment to all its Clients\nby applying internal policies and procedures concerning disclosure; applying its\ninternal rules of confidentiality, declining to act; or, where possible, in\ncompliance with applicable fiduciary duties; withdrawing from the relationship;\nor otherwise, as appropriate.\n\n7.4.\nIn order to demonstrate that it is not unfairly placing its interests above a\nClient\u2019s interests, a Regulated Person should ensure that it proactively, properly\nand reasonably declares, in writing, any conflict of interests to Clients.\n\n8.\nAdvice and Use of Discretion\n\n8.1.\nThe Authority expects a Regulated Person to take reasonable steps to provide\nits Clients with comprehensible and timely information needed to enable each\nClient to make a balanced and informed decision. Any advice a Regulated\nPerson provides to its Clients, whether solicited or unsolicited, should be\nprovided objectively, independently, and in the Client\u2019s best interest.\n\n8.2.\nA Regulated Person should provide a full and fair account of the fulfilment of its\nresponsibilities to its Client when requested.\n\n8.3.\nWhere a Regulated Person uses its discretion to make a decision on behalf of a\nClient, the Regulated Person must ensure that:\n\n(a)\nall reasonable steps were taken to obtain sufficient information to\nexercise such discretion;\n(b)\nthe discretion or power used was for a proper purpose; and\n(c)\nwritten evidence is recorded for such a decision made.\n\n9.\nClient Money and Assets\n\n9.1.\nA Regulated Person must ensure it acts with due care, skill and diligence when\nadministering and holding Client Money.\n\n9.2.\nA Regulated Person must hold Client Money in an account that is clearly\nsegregated and distinct from other Clients\u2019 accounts and from any accounts of\nthe Regulated Person.\n\n9.3.\nAs a normal business practice, the Authority expects that any Client\u2019s money is\nheld separately from another Client\u2019s money, except where to do so is\nimpracticable or impossible and the interests of Clients are adversely affected.\nReference is also made to the guidance provided in 9.13 regarding the\nreconciliation of each Client\u2019s account.\n\nR\nR\nR\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 10 of 18\n9.4.\nA Regulated Person must not open Client accounts or hold Client Money in an\nentity that is subject to any sanctions or in an entity that meets the criteria of\na shell bank6.\n\n9.5.\nWhere Client Money is held on trust, the account where the Client Money is\nheld must not be operated until the Regulated Person has obtained written\nconfirmation from the entity holding the Client Money that:\n\n(a)\nthe account is a Client account, and that money standing to the credit\nof the account is held by the Regulated Person as a fiduciary;\n\n(b)\nthe entity is not entitled to combine the account with any other account\nor exercise any right of set-off or counterclaim against money in the\naccount in respect of a debt or other obligation owed to it by the\nRegulated Person;\n\n(c)\ninterest earned on the account will be credited to that account or to\nan account of that type.\n\n9.6.\nA Regulated Person must disclose to a Client the terms upon which Client Money\nis held.\n\n9.7.\nA Regulated Person must pay any interest earned on Client Money in\naccordance with the terms set out in the Client agreement or terms of business\ndocument, and if no interest is to be paid, such agreement or terms of business\ndocument must record this fact.\n\n9.8.\nA Regulated Person must implement appropriate policies, procedures and\nsafeguards (whether automated, electronic or physical) at a minimum, dual\nsignatures \/ dual control to ensure Client Money payouts are adequately\napproved or authenticated, recorded and conducted in accordance with the\naccepted Client agreement or terms of business document.\n\n9.9.\nA Regulated Person must implement policies and procedures to prevent the use\nof Client Money for the settlement of the Regulated Person\u2019s fees and\ndisbursements, subject to the Client agreement or terms of business document,\nand protect the Client\u2019s assets from theft, fraud and other forms of\nmisappropriation or inappropriate use.\n\n9.10. Where a Regulated Person is responsible for administering or holding Client\nassets other than Client Money, the Regulated Person must develop appropriate\ndocumented policies and clear procedures that ensure:\n(a)\nit acts with professional skill, care and diligence with regard to the\nadministration of those assets;\n(b)\nthe Client\u2019s assets are segregated from those of the Regulated Person;\nand\n(c)\nthere are documented systems, controls and procedures to effectively\nreconcile any receipt or movement of a Client's assets administered by\na Regulated Person.\n\n6 Under Part IX of the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations, a \u201cShell Bank \u201cmeans any institution that accepts currency for deposit and\nthat \u2014has no physical presence in the jurisdiction in which it is incorporated or in which it is operating, as the case may be; or is\nunaffiliated with a regulated financial group that is subject to effective consolidated supervision.\n\nR\n\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 11 of 18\n\n9.11. A Regulated Person must have documented systems, controls and procedures\ngoverning the sole, dual or multiple authorisations for handling its Clients\u2019\nassets commensurate with the size, complexity, structure, nature of business\nand risk profile of its operations.\n\n9.12. Regulated Person must ensure that Client Money accounts are reconciled\npromptly.\n\n9.13. It is expected that the Regulated Person reconciles the balance on each Client\u2019s\naccount as recorded by the Regulated Person with the balance on that account\nas set out in the statement issued by the entity in which the Client\u2019s Money is\nheld, covering the period under which the reconciliation is made. Any\ndifferences recognised in the reconciliation of such Client Money accounts\nshould be corrected without delay. In respect of the timeliness of conducting\nreconciliations, Regulated Persons should promptly reconcile Client Money\naccounts and record same, commensurate with the size, complexity, structure,\nnature of business and risk profile of its operations.\n\n9.14. Holders of Trust, Restricted Trust, and Nominee Trust Licence must ensure that,\nin carrying out their duties as trustees, fiduciaries and\/or administrators, they\nsafeguard the assets of the trusts and act in accordance with the trust deed\nand applicable Acts or Persons who act as Executors and Administrators.\n\n9.15. The Authority expects that Holders of Trust, Restricted Trust, and Nominee\nTrust Licence should act professionally and responsibly in the best interest of\nthe beneficiaries and\/or its purposes.\n10.\nResources\n\n10.1. A Regulated Person must establish and maintain appropriate policies,\nprocedures and controls to monitor and ensure it always has the requisite\ncapacity and resources to provide the services agreed upon with its Clients.\n\n10.2. Where a Regulated Person deals with a person who is acting for a Client under\na Power of Attorney, the Regulated Person must:\n\n(a)\nobtain a certified copy of the power of attorney;\n(b)\nensure that the power of attorney allows the person to act on the Client\u2019s\nbehalf; and\n(c)\noperate within the limitations set out in the power of attorney.\n\n10.3. In respect of any delegation of duties or powers, whether by a formal Power of\nAttorney agreement or otherwise, should only be entered into with an\nappropriate person for a proper purpose. The Regulated Person should:\n\n(a)\nensure any delegation is for a specific purpose;\n(b)\nwhere the delegation is irrevocable, include within the documentation\neither an expiry date or a statement that the delegation will expire given\nspecific circumstance(s) or action(s);\n(c)\nwhere the delegation is revocable, include within the documentation an\nexpiry date or a requirement that the relationship with the appropriate\nperson is formally reviewed on a periodic basis;\n(d)\nmonitor the application of the power of attorney, formal agreement or\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 12 of 18\nother arrangement; and\n(e)\nensure that appropriate due diligence has been carried out on the\ndelegate.\n\n11.\nAdvertising and Communication\n\n11.1. A Regulated Person must ensure that its advertising and communication\npractices:\n(a)\ndo not violate applicable regulations;\n(b)\ndo not violate standards of prudence and fairness;\n(c)\nare clear, ethical, factual, and not misleading, false or deceptive;\n(d)\ndo not present or promote any licensable services that it is not licensed\nto provide;\n(e)\ndo not contain any element that is in breach of Acts or promotes the\nbreach of any legislation;\n(f)\ndisclose to its Clients and prospective Clients any foreseeable risk\nwith any service it provides to them; and\n(g)\nas far as possible, do not place the Cayman Islands at risk of being\nbrought into disrepute.\n\n11.2. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to take reasonable steps to ensure\nthat words in financial service advertisements are chosen carefully and treated\nwith great caution. In addition, statements, whether in a written or broadcasted\nadvertisement, should avoid the use of terminology such as \u201cguaranteed,\n\u201cconfidential\u201d, \u201cassured\u201d, \u201csecret\u201d, or similar statements, and regard should be\nhad to the Authority\u2019s Policy-Marketing Policies of Licensees.\n\n11.3. Without limiting the generality of Rule 11.1, if a Regulated Person includes the\nfollowing information in its advertisements or communication, the information\nshould be sufficiently verifiable:\n(a)\nits ability to provide the advertised service;\n(b)\nthe scale of activities;\n(c)\nthe extent of the resources;\n(d)\nthe nature of the Regulated Person\u2019s involvement in the advertised\nservice;\n(e)\nthe scarcity of the advertised service;\n(f)\npast performance or possible future performance of the advertised\nservice\n\n11.4. A Regulated Person should notify a Client if it is acting as an agent or instructing\nan agent in relation to particular services.\n\n11.5. With regards to communication with potential Clients or Clients, a Regulated\nPerson should provide information in a way that is suitable, using plain\nlanguage and terminology. It is expected that a Regulated Person should\ndisclose information regarding key risks, fees and charges, and relevant terms\nand conditions before any commitment is made between the Regulated Person\nR\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 13 of 18\nand a Client. The intention is to ensure that a potential Client is able to make\nan informed decision.\n\n12.\nTerms of Business\n\n12.1. A Regulated Person must enter into written terms of business with Clients for\nwhom they have agreed to act.\n\n12.2. It is expected that at all times mutually agreed terms are appropriately\ndocumented, recorded and aptly confirmed in writing, whether physical or\nelectronically (for example, email, links) with the Client, including, amongst\nother matters, the instructions received, the authorities granted, and the\ncapacity and scope of discretion, if any, within which the Regulated Person will\nact in the provision of its services for its Client.\n\n12.3. A Regulated Person should be able to demonstrate that adequate disclosure of\nthe main risks and the relevant terms and conditions was made to its Clients\nto enable them to make informed decisions before accepting and committing\nto the terms of business and provision of services. The terms of business\ndocument may be disclosed by way of hard copy, electronic copy, record or\nretrievable electronic link.\n\n12.4. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to be able to provide appropriate\nrecords that evidence the provision to Clients of documented terms of business\nfor the services that they provide.\n\n12.5. The terms of business document provided by a Regulated Person must include\nthe following elements:\n(a)\na clear description of the services to be provided;\n(b)\nany fees to be charged, the basis of the calculation of those fees and\nthe ability, if any, to make changes to the basis for determining fees.\nAdequate notice must be given before any material change to fee\nstructures;\n(c)\nconfirmation of how and by whom requests for actions are to be given\n(as applicable to the Client and\/or the structure);\n(d)\na description of the procedure for dealing with any Complaints;\n(e)\nthat termination of a relationship or transfer of services be on at least\none (1) month and the consequences of termination or transfer of\nservices, clearly noted, if any, unless an extenuating reason is provided;\n(f)\na statement that the Regulated Person is licensed by the Authority.\n\n12.6. The agreed terms of business between a Regulated Person and its Clients\nshould also ensure that the documentation:\n(a)\nis appropriate to the size, nature, complexity, structure and risk profile\nof the Regulated Person\u2019s operations;\n(b)\nbe distinguishable from marketing or promotional material;\n(c)\nbe consistent with this Rule and Guidance and other relevant\nmeasures as noted in section 1.2 of this document;\nR\nR\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 14 of 18\n(d)\nbe clearly expressed in plain language that only uses technical or\nlegal terms where absolutely necessary. Where technical\/legal terms are\nused, they should be clearly defined for clarity.\n(e)\nbe provided prior to the provision of any services in connection to the\nbusiness of company management or trust business, except when it is\nimpractical to do so, in which case the document should be provided at\nthe earliest available opportunity;\n(f)\nexplains whether the Regulated Person is acting as a principal or as the\nagent of the person to whom the service is provided or any other\nperson(s);\n(g)\nsets out the terms on which money is held in those cases where the\nRegulated Person holds a Client\u2019s money; and\n(h)\nincludes all appropriate information relevant to the service that will be\nprovided.\n\n12.7. Any special or non-standard fee arrangement must be documented between\nthe Client and the Regulated Person.\n\n12.8. Where a Regulated Person acts as a nominee shareholder on a Client structure,\nthe Regulated Person must ensure that there is a written agreement reflecting\nthe nominee agreement.\n\n12.9. The nominee agreement must clearly identify the nominator and the ultimate\nbeneficial owner and all the appropriate nominee information to the service that\nis being provided; and a copy of which must be retained as part of records of\nthe Regulated Person.\n\nA Regulated Person should accurately record the basis of any charges in respect\nof time spent and disbursements and make the relevant records available to\nClients upon request.\n\n12.10. Subject to Rule 12.5 (e), prior to termination of a relationship with a Client or\ntransfer of services, a Regulated Person, must notify the Authority of the\nfollowing, in writing within 14 business days:\n(a)\nthe reasons to resign or remove itself from providing the business of\ncompany management and trust business to a Client.\n(b)\nany other material changes that may affect the Regulated Person\u2019s:\ni.\nregistration with the Registrar of Companies;\nii.\nlicense with the Authority; or\niii.\nfulfilment of fiduciary and regulatory obligations.\n\nThis notification must include details of the steps the Regulated Person has\ntaken or intends to take to address the change.\n\n12.11. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to remain compliant with all recordkeeping obligations pursuant to applicable regulatory or other Acts (including\nthe MAA7 and the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations8). Accordingly, the\n\n7 Section 34(8) of the MAA.\n8 Part VIII, sections 31 and 32 of the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations.\nR\nR\nR\nR\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 15 of 18\nAuthority may require a Regulated Person to provide records even after the\ntermination of a relationship with a Client.\n\n13.\nDirectorship Services\n\n13.1. Where a holder of Companies Management Licence is acting as or fulfilling the\nfunction of or arranging for another person to act as or fulfil the function of a\ndirector or alternate director of a company, the holder of Companies\nManagement Licence:\n(a)\nwhere it acts or arranges for another to act:\ni.\nshould take reasonable steps to ensure that those persons acting\nas directors understand their obligations under the relevant Acts,\nincluding those laws of the jurisdiction(s) that are applicable to\nservices requested by the Client;\nii.\nshould have appropriate policies and controls in place to address\npotential or real conflicts of interest that may arise between it\nand the person who is acting or between the person acting and\nany other relevant party (for example, related parties of the\nRegulated Person that may also be providing services to the\nClient) and if any conflicts exist that they are disclosed the Client\n(see section 7);\niii.\nmust have appropriate policies and controls to properly assess\nand determine that those acting are fit and proper, suitable,\ncompetent, understand their duties and are able to comply with\nthe requirements of the relevant Acts;\niv.\nmust have appropriate policies and procedures to properly\ndocument arrangements for another person to act as or fulfil;\nthe role of a director \/alternate director of a company. Such\narrangements must identify the person arranging for director\nservices and the ultimate beneficial owner; and a copy of which\nmust be retained in the Regulated Person\u2019s records.\nv.\nshould not facilitate any arrangement that deliberately promotes\nthe appointment of a \u201cnominee\u201d director. An appointed director\nshould be aware that he has a duty to act in the best interests of\nany company for which he is appointed to its board; and\nvi.\nshould have in place adequate policies and controls to satisfy\nitself that, prior to appointment, proposed directors have\nadequate resources to discharge their corporate governance\nobligations effectively to every company for which they provide\ndirectorship services.\n(b)\nkeep or satisfy itself that appropriate policies and necessary controls are\nin place to allow records to be kept that are sufficient to show and\nexplain transactions and disclose, with reasonable accuracy, the\nfinancial position of the structures under administration and in keeping\nwith relevant Acts; and\n(c)\nshould forthrightly and clearly disclose to its Clients for whom it acts or\narranges for another to act its limitations in terms of its liability in\nwriting.\n\nR\nR\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 16 of 18\n\n14.\nComplaints Handling\n\n14.1. A Regulated Person must establish an effective documented Complaints\nhandling system and procedures that allow for the proper, fair, and just\nmanagement of Complaints.\n\n14.2. A Regulated Person must maintain an up-to-date and comprehensive log of all\nComplaints from Clients subject to the Complaint\u2019s handling procedures. This\nlog must contain:\n\n(a)\ndetails of each Complaint;\n(b)\nthe date the Complaint  was received;\n(c)\na summary of the Regulated Person\u2019s response(s), including dates;\n(d)\ndetails of any other relevant correspondence or records;\n(e)\nthe action taken to resolve each Complaint ;\n(f)\nwhere relevant, the current status of any Complaint which has been\nreferred to the relevant Ombudsman; and\n(g)\nthe date the Complaint was resolved.\n\n14.3. Upon receipt of a Complaint, a Regulated Person must, within five (5) business\ndays, unless expressly agreed by the complainant to the contrary, provide the\ncomplainant with an acknowledgement in writing that the Complaint has been\nreceived and is being considered.\n\n14.4. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to undertake an appropriate analysis\nof the patterns of Complaints from Clients on a regular basis, including\ninvestigating whether Complaints indicate an isolated issue or a more\nwidespread issue for Clients and consider updating or revising its market\nconduct-related policies and procedures or its policies and procedures\ngenerally, where applicable. This analysis of consumer Complaints should be\nescalated to the Regulated Person\u2019s compliance\/risk function and senior\nmanagement.\n\n14.5. As appropriate, a Regulated Person should document the investigations,\nanalyses and actions taken about Complaints made by Clients against it or its\nemployees. It is expected that a Regulated Person informs Clients of how\nComplaints may be made and how they will be responded to. The handling of\nComplaints should be transparent, efficient, thorough, and impartial. In\naddition, a Regulated Person should not unnecessarily delay responses to or\nresolution of Complaints in an effort to frustrate the process or the Client.\n\n14.6. The Authority expects a Regulated Person to reasonably keep the complainant\ninformed about the progress of their Complaint, including details of any actions\nbeing taken to resolve it. The Regulated Person should provide the complainant\nwith the name of one or more individuals appointed by the Regulated Person\nto be the complainant\u2019s point of contact in relation to the Complaint until it is\nresolved.\n\n14.7. A Regulated Person should confirm to the complainant in writing when a\nComplaint has been closed. If a Regulated Person concludes that it is not\nupholding a Complaint, it should communicate this to the complainant in\nwriting, clearly stating the reason(s) for its decision and inform the complainant\nR\nR\nR\n\n Rule and Statement of Guidance - Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 17 of 18\nthat he\/she has the option to escalate the matter to the Authority or the\nOmbudsman of the Cayman Islands as applicable.\n\n15.\nEnforcement\n\n15.1. Whenever there has been a breach of the Rules included in this document, the\nAuthority\u2019s policies and procedures, as contained in its Enforcement Manual,\nwill apply in addition to any other powers provided in the relevant Acts and the\nMAA.\n\n16.\nEffective Date\n\n16.1. This Rule and Statement of Guidance will come into effect within six (6)\nmonths of the date that it is published in the Gazette.\n\nCayman Islands Monetary Authority\n\nPage 18 of 18","akn_extracted_at":"2026-06-22 15:40:05.50224+00","cms_id":"2024-0081","law_type":"subordinate","year":"2024","number":"81","title":"Rule \u2013 Market Conduct for Trust and Corporate Services Providers and Company Managers \u2013 May 2024","status":"in_force"},"provenance":{"files":[{"file_id":"5177","expr_id":"282","kind":"akn_xml","filename":"2024-0081_SL 81 of 2024.akn.xml","source_url":null,"storage_path":"\/Users\/q\/kyleg-data\/working\/SUBORDINATE\/2024\/2024-0081\/2024-0081_SL 81 of 2024.akn.xml","content_md5":"431acee9490f57c1ab90e0e2ec930099","byte_size":"42425","http_last_modified":null,"fetched_at":"2026-06-22 15:40:05.676396+00"},{"file_id":"563","expr_id":"282","kind":"pristine_pdf","filename":"2024-0081_SL 81 of 2024.pdf","source_url":"\/cms\/images\/LEGISLATION\/SUBORDINATE\/2024\/2024-0081\/2024-0081_SL 81 of 2024.pdf","storage_path":"\/Users\/q\/kyleg-data\/pristine\/SUBORDINATE\/2024\/2024-0081\/2024-0081_SL 81 of 2024.pdf","content_md5":"9335af67622adc34058b6abd84debb4a","byte_size":"589168","http_last_modified":null,"fetched_at":"2026-06-21 23:09:36.318335+00"},{"file_id":"564","expr_id":"282","kind":"working_pdf","filename":"2024-0081_SL 81 of 2024.pdf","source_url":"\/cms\/images\/LEGISLATION\/SUBORDINATE\/2024\/2024-0081\/2024-0081_SL 81 of 2024.pdf","storage_path":"\/Users\/q\/kyleg-data\/working\/SUBORDINATE\/2024\/2024-0081\/2024-0081_SL 81 of 2024.pdf","content_md5":"9335af67622adc34058b6abd84debb4a","byte_size":"589168","http_last_modified":null,"fetched_at":"2026-06-21 23:09:36.318335+00"}],"paragraph_count":168,"latest_history":null},"quality":{"expr_id":"282","doc_id":"282","quality_state":"known_issue","quality_score":"71","needs_human_review":"t","deterministic_categories":"{page_header_footer_noise,title_mismatch}","llm_categories":"{ok}","repair_actions":"{coalesce_fragmented_ocr_lines,collapse_duplicate_text,strip_page_furniture,verify_title_metadata}","finding_severity_counts":"{}","finding_summary":"Extraction appears complete and well-formatted; no obvious OCR or structural issues detected.","assessed_at":"2026-06-22 15:29:46.094624+00","updated_at":"2026-06-22 15:29:46.094624+00"}}